1. Principles of Occupational Safety and Health A PowerPoint Presentation keyed to Chapter 2 of Materials for Teaching Agricultural Safety in the College Classroom by Carol J. Lehtola, PhD, and Charles M. Brown Book and more presentations in this series are available on the National Ag Safety Database, www.nasdonline.orgwww.nasdonline.org

2. Objectives Define occupational safety Define occupational health Explain the seven primary principles of occupational safety and health Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.1

3. Safety is......the minimization of risks while maximizing the quality of life...a Best Management Practice Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.2

4. Safety Requires......condition or changing set of circumstances that presents a potential for injury, illness, or property damage. The potential or inherent characteristics of an activity, condition, or circumstance which can produce adverse and harmful consequence. Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.3

5. Safety is All About... Identifying problems Developing solutions Implementing interventions Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.4

6. Identifying Problems Agent of injury (“item”) Environment (physical and social) Human (operator/worker) Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.5

7. Agent of Injury... What factors for the “agent of injury” will impact safety? Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.6

8. Agent of Injury... Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.7 What factors for the agent of injury will impact safety? Examples: age, maintenance, safety features, risk for breaking down, ergonomics, shielding, guarding Animals: temperament, familiarity with people, having just given birth

9. Human... What factors does the human bring to the workplace that will influence safety? Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.8

10. Human... What factors does the human bring to the workplace that will influence safety? Examples: age, attitude, training, experience, impairments, risk perception, size, skills Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.9

11. Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.10 Environment... What factors does the environment bring to the workplace that will influence safety?

12. Environment... What factors does the environment bring to the workplace that will influence safety? Physical examples: weather, heat, cold, wet, windy, climate controlled, noise, site hazards Social examples: peer, attitudes and support, “it’s just the cost of doing business” mentality Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.11

13. Discouraging Use of the “A” Word...use of the term “accident” promotes the concept that these events are outside of human influence and control. NHTSA, NSC, and others promote use of terms such as crash, collision, incident, injury, event, or fatality. These things are predictable and preventable. Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.12

14. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)......elimination or minimization of damage or harm to people in the workplace, their working tools, equipment, materials, products, etc., and their living and working environment Safety — acute injuries/events Health — chronic exposures over time Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.13

15. OSH Examples of Disciplines Engineers Industrial hygienists Medical Loss control specialists Educators Public health Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.14

16. Industrial Hygiene... Toxicology Gases, vapors, solvents Dermatoses (skin-related diseases) Hearing Respiratory Vibrations Ergonomics Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.15

17. Principles of OSH Incidents have identifiable causes which are either preventable or controllable. Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.16

18. Principles of OSH An incident normally derives from multiple causes rather than a single cause. This results in multiple approaches to hazard and injury prevention and control being more effective than any single approach. Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.17

19. Principles of OSH Risk is inherent and always present in life. Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.18

20. Principles of OSH To be human is to err. Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.19

21. Principles of OSH Human perceptions of risk are not very accurate Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.20

22. Principles of OSH Human behavior can be changed. Two items essential for OSH behavior change: a. personalization of the risk b. access to the means for change Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.21

23. Principles of OSH OSH is a function of management. There needs to be a plan for buy-in to the OSH program. Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.22

24. Principles of OSH Each individual has a responsibility to work safely and to not put another worker at risk. Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.23

25. Six E’s of Safety Engineering Education Enforcement Ergonomics (human factors) Economics Empowerment Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.24

26. OSHA (www.osha.gov)www.osha.gov Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970) administered by OSH Administration Minimum federal safety standards requiring employers to provide a safe workplace for employees State OSHAs are often stricter Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.25

27. Compliance vs. Best Practices Compliance – in compliance when a company meets all minimum safety regulations Best Practices – safety program that uses the best practices and equipment to ensure worker safety; often exceeds the minimum standards (proactive approach) Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.26

28. Industry Best Practices Management commitment Supervisory commitment Employee commitment and involvement Team commitment Accountability by all Authority to carry out OSH responsibilities Rules that are logical and enforceable Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.27

29. Best Practices (cont’d) WRITTEN safety policies Safety inspections Safety meetings and trainings Subcontractor management plan Incentive programs Incident and injury reporting and investigations Light-duty, early return to work Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.28

30. Inspections Daily Periodic Internal External (OSHA, insurance carrier, consultant) Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.29

31. Training New employees Employees doing a different task or using different equipment Tailgate (daily or weekly, frequently) Periodic Seasonal or annual Recognize accomplishments Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.30

32. Injury Factors First 30 days of employment Lack of equipment guarding Employee error Principles of Occupational Safety and HealthSlide 2.31