1. Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Work Package 25 Interoperability and Intelligibility Yannis Tzitzikas FORTH-ICS and U. of Crete APARSEN All Hands Meeting Den Haag, 3–4 December 2013

2. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN CONTEXT

3. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN APARSEN topic: Usability Usability: the ease of use and learnability of a human- made object (Wikipedia) Usability in digital preservation the ease of use and intelligibility of a digital object Usability in APARSEN Focus on: Interoperability & intelligibility, common standards/tools, scalability concerns

4. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Usability and APARSEN WPs WP25 Interoperability and Intelligibility (M20,33) Year 2 Year 3 WP27 Scalability (M20,31) WP16 Common tools, software rep/y and market place (M8,48) WP13 Common Standards (M4-M48) Year 4 Year 1 D27.1 D25.1D25.2 D16.1 D13.1

5. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Usability and APARSEN WPs: Importance and Contributions WP25 Interoperability and Intelligibility (M20,33) Year 2 Year 3 WP27 Scalability (M20,31) WP16 Common tools, software rep/y and market place (M8,48) WP13 Common Standards (M4-M48) Year 4 Year 1 D27.1 D25.1D25.2 D16.1 D13.1 To collect existing (or propose) community agreements To collect useful concrete tools To collect and prioritize interoperability objectives, and to advance technical research Suggestions for tackling the increase in the amount of data and its complexity

6. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN WP25 Interoperability and Intelligibility Leader

7. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Duration: August 2012-Sep 2013 Leader: FORTH General objective: Research and development of techniques to support interoperability of data between organisations and disciplines. Tasks: 2510: Research and devel. of common services and models to support interoperability. 2520: Intelligibility Modelling and Reasoning 2530: Semantic Interoperability and Scientific Data Deliverables D2501 Interoperability Objectives and Approaches (Feb 2013). –Will collect interoperability objectives from various initiatives and partners and will produce a matrix of solutions and guidelines that can guide the reader to the multi-dimensional and complex landscape of interoperability in digital preservation D2502 Interoperability Strategies (Sept 2013) –Will propose a methodology for capturing, modelling, managing and exploiting various interoperability dependencies. Emphasis on reasoning services. WP25: In one slide Delivered complete d Completed

8. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Recommendations from last review D25.1 has been reviewed and it went well

9. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Achievements in Year 3 Active Task: Task 2520 “Intelligibility Modelling and Reasoning”: Objectives Propose a modelling approach that enables task performability checking, which in turn could greatly reduce the human effort required for checking or monitoring whether a task on an archived digital object or collection is performable, and consequently whether an interoperability objective is achievable. Such services could also assist preservation planning, especially if converters and emulators can be modeled and exploited by the dependency services. This is one of the few technical tasks of APARSEN

10. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Achievements in Year 3 We advanced past rule-based approaches for dependency management (for digital preservation) for capturing also converters and emulators. We demonstrate how this modeling allows performing the desired reasoning and thus enables offering more advanced digital preservation services. These services could greatly reduce the human effort required for checking (or periodically monitoring) whether a task on a digital object is performable. A prototype system (Epimenides) that is based on this approach has been developed

11. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Example (from the domain of software) Consider a user, wanting to run on his mobile, software source code written before many years. E.g. code written in Pascal programming lang. and stored in a file game.pas Questions: What can he do? What should we (as community) do? –Do we have to develop a Pascal compiler for Android OS? Do we have to standardize programming languages? Do we have to standardize operating systems, virtual machines, etc. Direction and Answer (according to Task 2520) It is worth investigating if it is already possible to run it on android by “combining” existing software! –By applying a series of transformations and emulations

12. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Cont. Suppose we have only the following: a converter from Pascal to C++ (say p2c++), a C++ compiler ( gcc ) for WindowsOS, an emulator of WinOS executables over Android OS (say emulWin). Well, it seems that we could run game.pas on his mobile phone by first converting the Pascal code to C++, then compiling the C++ code, and finally by running over the emulator the executable yielded by the compilation.

13. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Cont. The work done in Task 2520 shows how we can model our information in a way that allows this kind of automated reasoning

14. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Epimenides Why ? For proving the technical feasibility, as well as for demonstration and dissemination purposes, we have build the system Epimenides Results? Positive from all aspects. How? It is based on semantic web technologies but the offrered reasoning approach is novel (i.e. it is not offered by the existing tools, only by Epimenides). Where is it? A deployment for demonstration is web accessible: http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl/epimenides

15. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Value of the work done Enables a flexible strategy of achieving interoperability by combining existing software The offered automated reasoning could greatly reduce the human effort required for checking (or periodically monitoring) whether a task on a digital object is performable.

16. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Value of work done (from a higher perspective) The proposed direction provides a concrete method for tackling the current fragmentation in Digital Preservation as regards interoperability Instead of focusing on the various aspects of the.. elephant e.g. instead of discussing and developing solutions in terms of migration, emulation, representation information, authenticity, provenance, runnability, compilability, one can directly work using ONE basic notion Task Performability Fragmentation X

17. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN cont

18. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Contribution to the VCoE The methodology for capturing, modeling, managing and exploiting the various interoperability dependencies can be considered as a significant contribution to the VCoE: –expertise in designing and realizing novel inference services for task-performability, risk-detection and for computing intelligibility gaps. –the implemented system (which is already web accessible) can be used for disseminating the results of this work, as well as for investigating and planning future operational applications of this approach, either in the context of single organizations (e.g. the DANS case), or in the context of the VCoE (e.g. as an advanced semantic registry).

19. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Plan for Year 4 Wp25 was finished last September. However integration takes places in dissemination and training activities, as well as in the WP11 (common vision and VCoE) Planned next steps –Publication of scientific results and other dissemination activities –Discussions about applicability with specific partners

20. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Internal Links WP25 Interoperability and Intelligibility Year 3 WP27 Scalability WP16 Common tools & software WP13 Common Standards Year 4 D27.1 D25.1 D25.2 D13.1 Common Vision and VCoE Feeds and sets priorities Feeds the database Strategies and reasoning services suggestions priorities suggestions current status

21. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Internal links Links to other activities in APARSEN –WP25 feeds WP21 (services), contributes to the common Vision (WP11) –WP25 is represented in the training activities of S4

22. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN External links Earlier versions of D25.2 have been communicated to partners outside APARSEN (DLR, U of Jacobs), also participated to the usability testing of Epimenides Harmonization with the activities of SCIDIP-ES Dissemination through webinars (including speakers from EUDAT) Epimenidis is publicly available (its URL is includes in D25.2).

23. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Epimenides Why ? For proving the technical feasibility, as well as for demonstration and dissemination purposes, we have build the system Epimenides Results? Positive from all aspects. How? It is based on semantic web technologies but the offrered reasoning approach is novel (i.e. it is not offered by the existing tools, only by Epimenides). Where is it? A deployment for demonstration is web accessible: http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl/epimenides

24. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Publications related to D25.2 Y. Tzitzikas, Y. Marketakis and Y. Kargakis (2012). Conversion and Emulation- aware Dependency Reasoning for Curation Services, iPres2012 (http://www.ics.forth.gr/~tzitzik/publications/Tzitzikas_2012_iPres_DepMgmtFor CovertersEmulators.pdf)http://www.ics.forth.gr/~tzitzik/publications/Tzitzikas_2012_iPres_DepMgmtFor CovertersEmulators.pdf Yannis Tzitzikas, Christina Lantzaki, Dimitris Zeginis: Blank Node Matching and RDF/S Comparison Functions. International Semantic Web Conference 2012: 591-607 Christina Lantzaki, Yannis Tzitzikas, Dimitris Zeginis: Demonstrating Blank Node Matching and RDF/S Comparison Functions. International Semantic Web Conference (Posters & Demos) 2012

25. Interoperability Strategies and Automated Interoperability Reasoning, Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Nov 8, 2013 Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6 aparsen.eu #APARSEN Network of Excellence