1. U.S. History Chapter 5 Great Plains The grasslands extending through the west-central portion of the United States

2. U.S. History Chapter 5 The Westward Movement Ranchers and Miners were the type of people that moved West. These are the main occupations that were available in the American West. The most important invention of the frontier was barbed wire. Simple inventions can make a very large impact.

3. U.S. History Chapter 5 Native American Culture Private Property was a concept that was foreign to Native American tribes. They lived in harmony with the land and believed that no man could own the land.

4. U.S. History Chapter 5 Native Culture Cont. American settlers misused the buffalo that were abundant on the great plains of this country. The buffalo was essential to the survival of many Native American tribes and many times was worshipped as well. In 1865 there was estimated 15 million buffalo on the Great Plains. That number decreased to 1,000 by 1889.

5. U.S. History Chapter 5 Treaty of Ft. Laramie 1868 agreement where Sioux were forced to live on a reservation along the Missouri River

6. U.S. History Chapter 5 Sitting Bull Leader of a tribe of Sioux Never signed the Treaty of Ft. Laramie

7. U.S. History Chapter 5 George A. Custer Colonel that fought the “Indian Wars” “Last Stand” at Little Big Horn Defeated by Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse

8. U.S. History Chapter 5 Assimilation Having Native Americans give up their way of life and culture to become part of the American culture

9. U.S. History Chapter 5 Dawes Act Forced Americanization on Native American Tribes and greatly reduced the size of reservations

10. U.S. History Chapter 5 Battle of Wounded Knee December 28, 1890 Last major battle of the Indian Wars

11. U.S. History Chapter 5 Longhorns Sturdy Short Tempered breed of cattle Bred to be used as food

12. U.S. History Chapter 5 Chisholm Trail Abilene, Kansas became a very important town because it had railroad access and cattle ranchers drove their cattle to Abilene to send them off to market. The Chisholm Trail was the most well known cattle trail. It extended from San Antonio to Abilene. The expansion of the railroads into the southwestern United States would bring about an end to the Chisholm Trail and cattle drives.Abilene, Kansas became a very important town because it had railroad access and cattle ranchers drove their cattle to Abilene to send them off to market. The Chisholm Trail was the most well known cattle trail. It extended from San Antonio to Abilene. The expansion of the railroads into the southwestern United States would bring about an end to the Chisholm Trail and cattle drives.

13. U.S. History Chapter 5 Nat Love Ex-slave from Tenn. that moved west. Contrary to popular belief there were a significant number of cowboys that were African American. Nat Love is arguably the greatest cowboy of the American West. At a rodeo competition he roped, tied, bridled, saddled, and mounted a wild mustang in 9 minutes flat.

14. U.S. History Chapter 5 Decline of Native Culture The railroad is the number one cause for the decline of Native American culture. The railroad brought massive numbers of settlers that the tribes could not resist.The railroad is the number one cause for the decline of Native American culture. The railroad brought massive numbers of settlers that the tribes could not resist.

15. U.S. History Chapter 5 Homestead Act 1862 Congress offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen that would head that household.

16. U.S. History Chapter 5 Exodusters African American settlers who moved from the post reconstruction south to Kansas

17. U.S. History Chapter 5 Soddy Small prairie home made out of turf, or sod.

18. U.S. History Chapter 5 Morril Act of 1862 Gave federal land to states to help finance agricultural colleges

19. U.S. History Chapter 5 Bonanza Farms Enormous single crop spreads 15,000 – 50,000 acres in size Usually created by railroad companies and investors

20. U.S. History Chapter 5 Oliver Hudson Kelley Founder of The Grange A social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families

21. U.S. History Chapter 5 Farmer’s Alliance The Grange gave rise to other organizations that gave support to farmers

22. U.S. History Chapter 5 Populism Farmers Alliance grew into Populist Party The movement of the people

23. U.S. History Chapter 5 Bimetallism Monetary system that would exchange gold or silver for paper currency

24. U.S. History Chapter 5 Gold Standard Monetary system that backs paper currency with only gold

25. U.S. History Chapter 5 William McKinley Republican nominee for the Election of 1896 Will win that election

26. U.S. History Chapter 5 William Jennings Bryan Democratic nominee for the Election of 1896

27. U.S. History Chapter 5 *Fredrick Jackson Turner Wrote the Frontier Thesis. –"...And now, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the Constitution, the frontier has gone, and with it's going has closed the first period of American History." In Turner's opinion the west represented hope and opportunity to the American people. The question to be asked is, "what happens when we can't go west?"