1. Working with Analogies Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., synonym/antonym, analogy) to better understand each of the words (E07.A- V.4.1.2).

2. Analogies test your ability to: Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships

3. O l d Young

4. To answer an analogy question you must: Recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair. Select the answer choice containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way. Recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair. Select the answer choice containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way.

5. Analogies look like this: Up : Down :: Over : Under Up is to Down as Over is to Under Up : Down :: Over : Under Up is to Down as Over is to Under

6. In what ways could these pairs of words be related? The relationship will always have to do with the meaning of the words. I get it… they are opposites!

7. Examples of possible relationships in an analogy: Synonyms or Antonyms A Part to the Whole A Member to the Category that Contains It Cause to Effect (or Effect to Cause) Matters of Degree Object to Function Synonyms or Antonyms A Part to the Whole A Member to the Category that Contains It Cause to Effect (or Effect to Cause) Matters of Degree Object to Function

8. Here is one example of Synonym relationships: Infant : Baby :: Grown-Up : _________? Infant : Baby :: Grown-Up : Adult

9. Here is one example of Antonym relationships: Big : Small :: Full : _______? Big : Small :: Full : Empty

10. Here is one example of Part to Whole relationships: Wheel : Car :: Branch : _______? Wheel : Car :: Branch : Tree

11. Here is one example of Member to Category relationships: Apple : Fruit :: Carrot : _______? Apple : Fruit :: Carrot : Vegetable

12. Here is one example of Cause to Effect relationships: Sliver : Pain :: Spark : __________ Sliver : Pain :: Spark : Fire

13. Here is one example Matters of Degree relationships: Warm : Hot :: Cool : ______? Warm : Hot :: Cool : Frigid

14. Here is one example of Object to Function relationships: Truck : Transport :: Oven : ______? Truck : Transport :: Oven : Bake

15. PRACTICE Can you identify the relationship? 1.SOLDIER : PLATOON 2.HOT : SCALDING 3.YELL : WHISPER 4.GILLS : BREATHING 5.CHEAP : EXPENSIVE 6.SOCCER : SPORT 1.SOLDIER : PLATOON 2.HOT : SCALDING 3.YELL : WHISPER 4.GILLS : BREATHING 5.CHEAP : EXPENSIVE 6.SOCCER : SPORT a)Synonyms or Antonyms b)A Part to the Whole c)A Member to the Category that Contains It d)Cause to Effect (or Effect to Cause) e)Matters of Degree f)Object to Function

16. PRACTICE Can you identify the relationship? 1.SOLDIER : PLATOON 2.HOT : SCALDING 3.YELL : WHISPER 4.GILLS : BREATHING 5.CHEAP : EXPENSIVE 6.SOCCER : SPORT 1.SOLDIER : PLATOON 2.HOT : SCALDING 3.YELL : WHISPER 4.GILLS : BREATHING 5.CHEAP : EXPENSIVE 6.SOCCER : SPORT a)Synonyms or Antonyms b)A Part to the Whole c)A Member to the Category that Contains It d)Cause to Effect (or Effect to Cause) e)Matters of Degree f)Object to Function b e a f a c

17. Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy questions: Try to determine the relationship between the words in the given pair. Form a sentence that shows the relationship between the two words (e.g., ______ is to ______, as ______ is to ______). Look for the answer choice containing the word pair whose relationship is closest to that of the given pair. Try to determine the relationship between the words in the given pair. Form a sentence that shows the relationship between the two words (e.g., ______ is to ______, as ______ is to ______). Look for the answer choice containing the word pair whose relationship is closest to that of the given pair.

18. Example APPLE : FRUIT :: A.Salad : Mix B.Orange: Banana C.Juice : Can D.Slice : Core E.Butterfly: Insect APPLE : FRUIT :: A.Salad : Mix B.Orange: Banana C.Juice : Can D.Slice : Core E.Butterfly: Insect

19. Example APPLE : FRUIT :: A.Salad : Mix B.Orange: Banana C.Juice : Can D.Slice : Core E. Butterfly : Insect APPLE : FRUIT :: A.Salad : Mix B.Orange: Banana C.Juice : Can D.Slice : Core E. Butterfly : Insect

20. Example PEN : WRITE :: A.Pencil : Sharpen B.Ink : Blue C.Letter : Compose D.Knife : Cut E.Mistake : Erase PEN : WRITE :: A.Pencil : Sharpen B.Ink : Blue C.Letter : Compose D.Knife : Cut E.Mistake : Erase

21. Example PEN : WRITE :: A.Pencil : Sharpen B.Ink : Blue C.Letter : Compose D. Knife : Cut E.Mistake : Erase PEN : WRITE :: A.Pencil : Sharpen B.Ink : Blue C.Letter : Compose D. Knife : Cut E.Mistake : Erase

22. Helpful Approaches, Continued: Pay attention to the order of the words in the given word pair. Pay attention to the parts of speech. Remember that a single word can have several different meanings. Remember that the relationships you need to explain will be ones that always exist. Analogy questions are vocabulary intensive. Pay attention to the order of the words in the given word pair. Pay attention to the parts of speech. Remember that a single word can have several different meanings. Remember that the relationships you need to explain will be ones that always exist. Analogy questions are vocabulary intensive.

23. Practice Large : Big :: A.Remember : Forget B.Triumph: Success C.Nostril : Smell D.Audio : Hear E. Glasses : See Large : Big :: A.Remember : Forget B.Triumph: Success C.Nostril : Smell D.Audio : Hear E. Glasses : See

24. Practice Large : Big :: A.Remember : Forget B.Triumph : Success C.Nostril : Smell D.Audio : Hear E. Glasses : See Large : Big :: A.Remember : Forget B.Triumph : Success C.Nostril : Smell D.Audio : Hear E. Glasses : See

25. Practice Bat : Hitter A.Score: Win B.Walk : Run C.Mars : Venus D.Stick : Hockey Player E.Basketball: Hoop Bat : Hitter A.Score: Win B.Walk : Run C.Mars : Venus D.Stick : Hockey Player E.Basketball: Hoop

26. Practice Bat : Hitter A.Score: Win B.Walk : Run C.Mars : Venus D.Stick : Hockey Player E.Basketball: Hoop Bat : Hitter A.Score: Win B.Walk : Run C.Mars : Venus D.Stick : Hockey Player E.Basketball: Hoop

27. Practice Come : Came :: A.Walk : Walking B.Ride : Rode C.Left : Arrived D.Did : Had Done E.See : Seen Come : Came :: A.Walk : Walking B.Ride : Rode C.Left : Arrived D.Did : Had Done E.See : Seen

28. Practice Come : Came :: A.Walk : Walking B.Ride : Rode C.Left : Arrived D.Did : Had Done E.See : Seen Come : Came :: A.Walk : Walking B.Ride : Rode C.Left : Arrived D.Did : Had Done E.See : Seen

29. Online Practice  Analogies Game  http://www.sadlier-oxford.com/phonics/analogies/analogiesx.htm http://www.sadlier-oxford.com/phonics/analogies/analogiesx.htm  Awesome Analogies  http://www.quia.com/cb/7146.html http://www.quia.com/cb/7146.html  Gamequarium Analogies  http://www.gamequarium.org/dir/Readquarium/Vocabulary/Analogies/ http://www.gamequarium.org/dir/Readquarium/Vocabulary/Analogies/  Analogy of the Day  http://www.factmonster.com/analogies http://www.factmonster.com/analogies  Analogies Game  http://www.sadlier-oxford.com/phonics/analogies/analogiesx.htm http://www.sadlier-oxford.com/phonics/analogies/analogiesx.htm  Awesome Analogies  http://www.quia.com/cb/7146.html http://www.quia.com/cb/7146.html  Gamequarium Analogies  http://www.gamequarium.org/dir/Readquarium/Vocabulary/Analogies/ http://www.gamequarium.org/dir/Readquarium/Vocabulary/Analogies/  Analogy of the Day  http://www.factmonster.com/analogies http://www.factmonster.com/analogies