1. Turbo-Brayton cryogenic systems Refrigeration for scientific applications ICEC – Delhi – March 10 th 2016 - Cécile Gondrand

2. 2 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Outline ■Introduction  From classical Brayton to Turbo-Brayton ■Turbo-Brayton range ■Turbo-Brayton status  References  TBF-350 under construction ■Example of use of Turbo-Brayton for thermal shields cooling  Solutions proposed  Comparison CAPEX/OPEX of solutions ■Conclusion

3. 3 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment From conventional Brayton to Turbo-Brayton LNG M Eau Water M Eau LNG Water

4. 4 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment From conventional Brayton to Turbo-Brayton ■The only rotating part of the system is the Moto-turbo- Compressor shaft M Eau LNG  High efficiency  No maintenance  High reliability  High lifetime Water

5. 5 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment From conventional Brayton to Turbo-Brayton

6. 6 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Turbo-Brayton - Range ■The product line is composed of standard products for refrigeration TBF : Turbo-Brayton Fridge Product rangeTBF-80TBF-175TBF-350TBF-700TBF-1050 Cold power at 77K kW7,616,550,8101,6152,4 Electrical consumption85kW195 kW390 kW780 kW1 170 kW

7. 7 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Turbo-Brayton - Range ■The product line is composed of standard products for refrigeration TBF : Turbo-Brayton Fridge Product rangeTBF-80TBF-175TBF-350TBF-700TBF-1050 Cold power at 77K kW7,616,550,8101,6152,4 Electrical consumption85kW195 kW390 kW780 kW1 170 kW

8. 8 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Turbo-Brayton – References Turbo Brayton references ■ISS project : TBF -- 100W@ -80°C installed into ISS  100,000 hours without maintenance nor failures ■LIPA II project: TBF-80 -- 13kW@ 110K ■Institute 401: TBF-80 -- 18kW @ 150K ■Shell STX: TBF-350 – 48kW@110K ■US: TBF-350 – 30kW @ 70K Turbine, magnetic bearing and Brayton references ■600 gas-turbines running on industrial plants, Helium, HyCo, Hydrogen, Natural gas ■50 cryogenic turbomachines on magnetic bearings ■200 cryogenic plants, installed over the world on the past 50 years

9. 9 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Turbo-Brayton – Status of TBF-350 Turbomachine 270kW ■Assembly of turbomachine is completed ■Run tests at full speed performed TBF-350 refrigerator ■Manufacture is on-going

10. 10 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Case study ■Case study need  800W@4.5K  Thermal shields cooling : 23kW@80K ■3 architectures compared  Option AHelial* for 4.5K refrigeration and independent LN2 cooled cold box for thermal shields  Option BHelial* for 4.5K and independent Turbo-Brayton for thermal shields cooling  Option CHelial* for 4.5K + thermal shields cooling * Helium Liquefier/Refrigerator standard range of Air Liquide

11. 11 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Case study – Option A – Thermal shields cooled by LN2 - PFD ■Advantages  Two independant loops=> high flexibility to deal with different loads at 80K and 4,5K  Possibility to add a TBF for LN2 reliquefaction without changing design of thermal shiled CB=> flexibility ■Drawbacks  Two cold boxes : one for 4K refrigeration and one for thermal shields  Additional circulator

12. 12 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Case study – Thermal shields cooled by LN2 ■Possibility to have TBF refrigerator operating as nitrogen reliquefier  Possibile retrofit

13. 13 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Case study – Option B - Thermal shields cooled by TB - PFD ■Advantages  Two independant refrigerators => high flexibility to deal with different loads at 80K and 4,5K ■Drawbacks  Two cold boxes : one for 4K refrigeration and one for thermal shields  Additional refrigerator including circulator

14. 14 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Case study – Option C - Thermal shields cooled by Helial - PFD ■Advantages  One single refrigeration system ■Drawbacks  Cycle compressor sized on thermal shields flow rate requirement  Cold box size much higher  Coupling of 80K and 4.5K cold power => lower flexibility

15. 15 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Case study – CAPEX+OPEX in 10 years Solution A - Thermal Shields cooled by LN2 Solution B - Thermal Shields cooled by Turbo-Brayton Solution C - Thermal shields cooled by one single refrigerator OPEX Operation time/year8000 h/year Years of operation10 years Cost per kWh0,1 €/kWh Electrical cost2,06 M€3,82 M€6,11 M€ Cost per L of LN20,15 €/L LN2 cost5,50 M€0,00 M€5,50 M€ TOTAL 10 years7,56 M€3,82 M€11,61 M€

16. 16 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Case study – Cost in time

17. 17 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment Turbo-Brayton – Conclusion ■A wide range of Turbo-Brayton refrigerators is available  35 - 150 K  0 - 152 kW @ 77K ■TBF-350 manufacture is on-going  Highest power turbomachines ever designed/manufactured by ALAT have been commissioned/validated  Test of full integrated refrigerator planned in May 2016 ■Concrete case study shows the advantage of using TBF for thermal shields cooling  80K refrigeration totally independent of 4K refrigeration => flexibility of operation  Highly efficient solution with TBF reducing total CAPEX and OPEX  Most cost-effective solution after 6-years operation

18. Thank you for your attention cecile.gondrand@airliquide.com