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CLAS3001 Mycenaean Greece (ca. 1500 BC to 1100 BC)
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Geography of Ancient Greece The Aegean Sea: “like frogs around a pond”
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Sea
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Mountains
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Valleys
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Inheritance of Literature and Myth ● For example, story of Theseus and Minotaur ● Or of Achilles at Troy
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What if These Had Basis in History?
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Minoan Culture ● Early second millennium BC ● Centered on Crete ● Best-known representation in palace of Knossos
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Map of Knossos
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Minoan Frescoes: Bull-leaping
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Elaborate Palace Complex at Knossos - like similar ones in the East - provides center for economy, religion, politics, etc. - (Not primarily defensive, in contrast to our ideas of palaces)
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Eastern Urbanization Patterns ● E.g., palace of Mari, in modern eastern Syria ● Flourished down to 1700's BC
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Minoan Religion
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Labys / Labyrinth
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Extent of Minoan Civ. ● Thera provides evidence of Minoan influence, at very least
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Language: Encoded in 'Linear A' Tablets ● Represents a non- Greek language ● Perhaps not even part of Indo-European family of languages ● Others think Anatolian
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Linear B Tablets ● Comprising many symbols ● On clay, fired in burning palaces
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Deciphered by Michael Ventris in 1950s ● Architect ● Worked on Linear B in spare time ● Died in car accident soon after
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World of the Linear B Tablets ● Earily familiar: Di-o- nu-so = Dionysus ● Largely, though storage and distribution of goods ● Including workers, some bought and sold ● Wanax ● Where did these Greek-speakers come from?
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“Mycenae, Rich In Gold” ● Great lion statue always visible ● Massive 'Cyclopean' walls made of large, dressed irregularly shaped stones ● From this original site, we call whole mainland Greek civilization of this period 'Mycenaean'
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Heinrich Schliemann ● Excavated traditional location of Troy, mythical site of siege by Greeks, led by king of Mycenae ● 1874 excavates Mycenae itself ● Romantic trust in mythical sources
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Grave Circles, c. 1600 BC ● Inside city walls, but probably pre-date ● Include shaft graves ● Apparently for the elite
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Treasure of the Shaft Graves
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Tholos Tombs
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Fall of Mycenaean Civilization ● Increase in war motifs in vase paintings? ● Tales of troubles around 13 th c. BC in Troy ● Internal or external? ● Series of destructions on mainland around 1200 BC
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Map of Extent of Mycenaean Civilization
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Fortress-Towns with Megaron
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Palace Life
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Architectural Evidence of Troubles ● Vaulted path to internal cistern at Tiryns
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External Evidence for Troubles
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Myth and Prehistory ● Prevailing late-19 th C. view was that myth explained nature and religious rite ● Myths written down after writing reappears in Greece, mid 8 th C. ● Reflecting Mycenaean or Minoan culture from previous millennium – Mycenae was wealthy and powerful – Troy and Mycenaean Greece did have relations of trade ● Should we therefore accept all aspects of myths?
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