1. Step 1: Define the term “government” Step 2: Explain the following quote: “If men were angels, no government would be necessary” -J. Madison

2. Why do we have or need govt.? James Madison: “If men were angels, no government would be necessary.” Without rules, there can be no freedom. To do things that we cannot do individually (defense, roads, hospitals, etc.) A group of people organizing and coming together to plan for shared goals, which are called policies. Government:

3. Legislative power (create law) Examples: U.S. Congress, QCSD School Board Executive power (enforce law) Examples: U.S. President QCSD Superintendent Judicial power (“evaluate” law) Example: U.S. Supreme Court Governments must have POWER in order to create and carry out public policies, but there are different kinds of power.

4. The Kinds of Power In Action… 1. The U.S. Congress (Legislative Branch) passes a law that says that all firearms are banned in this country. 2. The U.S. President (Executive Branch) and all law enforcement offers therefore arrest those who have firearms. 1. The U.S. Supreme Court (Judicial Branch) evaluates the law. Because the Court determines that the law violates the Constitution, then the Court throws the law out.

5. How can these powers be exercised? By a single person or by a small group, which is called a dictatorship, who combine all 3 powers into one person/group. By a majority of the people, which is called a democracy.

6. A World Map of Freedom

7. Power Must Be Exercised in a STATE What is a state? 1. Population 2. Territory (Land) 3. Sovereignty (absolute control; authority to rule) 4. Government Characteristics of a State:

8. Source of OUR Sovereignty: Treaty of Paris (1783) “His Brittanic Majesty acknowledges the said United States […] to be free sovereign and Independent; that he treats with them as such, and for himself his Heirs & Successors, relinquishes all claims to the Government, Propriety, and Territorial Rights of the same and every Part thereof.”

9. STATE OR NOT A STATE????

10. State? QCHS Territory: YES (600 Park Ave., Qtown) Government: YES (School Board, Mr. Finnerty) Population: YES (1300 students) Sovereignty: NO (Pennsylvania, U.S. govts. higher)

11. Navajo Indian Reserve Territory: 27,425 sq mi Population: 173,987 Government: Yes- The Navajo Nation Council; President, vice president, and a constitution as well Sovereignty: yes (United States has no jurisdiction in this land, according to the Treaty of 1868

12. Afghanistan Territory: land; clear borders Population: 28 mil Government: democracy; elected leaders in charge Sovereignty: not until we leave… (the govt. isn’t in charge of its own destiny)

13. Vatican City—a State?

14. Territory: 110 acres; clear borders Population: 850-1000 Government: pope is the monarch/king Sovereignty: Lateran Treaty (1929) recognizes Vatican’s total independence from Italy.

15. Sealand?

16. Molossia

17. Where did states come from? How did we get from no government to “the state”? Force Theory: one strong man or group forced others to submit to them Evolutionary Theory: states should be run like families (eldest male as leader)

18. Where did states come from? How did we get from no government to the state? Divine Right Theory: God gave those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule Social Contract Theory: people of a state agree to come together to form a govt.

19. Our Contract THE CONSTITUTION (Constitution = agreement) PREAMBLE (Intro.) to the Constitution: lays out the 6 purposes of our govt.

20. 1. Form a more perfect union To unite the states together into one country that works together To unite the country (all races, all religions, all classes as one) 2. Establish justice Make sure everyone is treated fairly

21. 3. Insure domestic tranquility Keep law and order in the country (Domestic: within a country Tranquility: peace) 4. Provide for the common defense Protect the country from foreign enemies

22. 5. Promote the general welfare Create programs, laws, policies, etc., that make our lives easier and better (schools, hospitals, etc.) 6. Secure the blessings of liberty Guarantee our freedom and rights

23. Ensure Domestic Tranquility Real World Example : Police - The police are a great example of keeping law and order in the U.S. They make sure that society remains in tact and not an unorganized, failing country. - Without this specific purpose of government, our society would be a mess and there would be crime everywhere.