1. GALLBLADDER SAMARA PER, SOPHIA DAR, EVAN HUA

2. Gallbladder Functions Stores the bile to be squirted down the ducts into the small intestine to help breakdown fats from food Stores the bile to be squirted down the ducts into the small intestine to help breakdown fats from food Acts as a reservoir that uptakes excess bile when there is pressure in the bile ducts Acts as a reservoir that uptakes excess bile when there is pressure in the bile ducts

3. Bile Functions breaks down the fats that you eat so that your body can utilize them breaks down the fats that you eat so that your body can utilize them helps to remove toxins from the liver helps to remove toxins from the liver A healthy liver produces about a quart to a quart and a half of bile daily A healthy liver produces about a quart to a quart and a half of bile daily

6. Macroscopic Pear shaped sac on underside of liver Pear shaped sac on underside of liver The Cystic duct extends from the gallbladder to the point where its union with the common hepatic duct forms the bile duct. The Cystic duct extends from the gallbladder to the point where its union with the common hepatic duct forms the bile duct. The bile formed in the liver enters the gallbladder through the hepatic duct The bile formed in the liver enters the gallbladder through the hepatic duct The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct at the duodenal papilla The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct at the duodenal papilla The muscular hepatopancreatic sphincter surrounds passageway The muscular hepatopancreatic sphincter surrounds passageway

7. Continued The hepatopancreatic sphincter only opens in the presence of the CCK (cholecytoskinin) hormone. The hepatopancreatic sphincter only opens in the presence of the CCK (cholecytoskinin) hormone.

9. Microscopic

10. Microscopic Mucous Membrane- When empty contains folds Mucous Membrane- When empty contains folds All epithelial cells are similar-columnar cells All epithelial cells are similar-columnar cells A basal lamina and a lamina propria support the cells with reticular connective tissue A basal lamina and a lamina propria support the cells with reticular connective tissue Blood vessels Blood vessels Few Mucous glands Few Mucous glands Small lymph nodes Small lymph nodes

11. Microscopic Layer of smooth muscle for contraction Layer of smooth muscle for contraction Adventitia- the surrounding membrane of the gallbladder. Adventitia- the surrounding membrane of the gallbladder.

12. Enzymes While the gallbladder does not produce any enzymes, it assists in the break down of fats using bile While the gallbladder does not produce any enzymes, it assists in the break down of fats using bile When food enters the digestive system, it stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin. When food enters the digestive system, it stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin. secretion of cholecystokinin secretion of cholecystokinin This triggers the gallbladder to release bile, to break down the food that has just been ingested. This triggers the gallbladder to release bile, to break down the food that has just been ingested.

13. Diseases Gallstones (cholelithiasis): For unclear reasons, substances in bile can crystallize in the gallbladder, forming gallstones. Common and usually harmless, gallstones can sometimes cause pain, nausea, or inflammation. Gallstones (cholelithiasis): For unclear reasons, substances in bile can crystallize in the gallbladder, forming gallstones. Common and usually harmless, gallstones can sometimes cause pain, nausea, or inflammation. Gallstones (cholelithiasis): For unclear reasons, substances in bile can crystallize in the gallbladder, forming gallstones. Common and usually harmless, gallstones can sometimes cause pain, nausea, or inflammation. Gallstones (cholelithiasis): For unclear reasons, substances in bile can crystallize in the gallbladder, forming gallstones. Common and usually harmless, gallstones can sometimes cause pain, nausea, or inflammation. Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to a gallstone in the gallbladder. Cholecystitis causes severe pain and fever, and can require surgery when inflammation continues or recurs. Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to a gallstone in the gallbladder. Cholecystitis causes severe pain and fever, and can require surgery when inflammation continues or recurs. Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to a gallstone in the gallbladder. Cholecystitis causes severe pain and fever, and can require surgery when inflammation continues or recurs. Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to a gallstone in the gallbladder. Cholecystitis causes severe pain and fever, and can require surgery when inflammation continues or recurs. Gallbladder cancer: Although rare, cancer can affect the gallbladder. It is difficult to diagnose and usually found at late stages when symptoms appear. Symptoms may resemble those of gallstones. Gallbladder cancer: Although rare, cancer can affect the gallbladder. It is difficult to diagnose and usually found at late stages when symptoms appear. Symptoms may resemble those of gallstones. Gallbladder cancer: Although rare, cancer can affect the gallbladder. It is difficult to diagnose and usually found at late stages when symptoms appear. Symptoms may resemble those of gallstones. Gallbladder cancer: Although rare, cancer can affect the gallbladder. It is difficult to diagnose and usually found at late stages when symptoms appear. Symptoms may resemble those of gallstones. Gallstone pancreatitis: An impacted gallstone blocks the ducts that drain the pancreas. Inflammation of the pancreas results, a serious condition. Gallstone pancreatitis: An impacted gallstone blocks the ducts that drain the pancreas. Inflammation of the pancreas results, a serious condition. Gallstone pancreatitis: An impacted gallstone blocks the ducts that drain the pancreas. Inflammation of the pancreas results, a serious condition. Gallstone pancreatitis: An impacted gallstone blocks the ducts that drain the pancreas. Inflammation of the pancreas results, a serious condition. ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qyY9NLfZYo (1:00) ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qyY9NLfZYo (1:00) ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qyY9NLfZYo

14. Risk Factors Overweight Overweight Rapid weight loss Rapid weight loss Birth control Birth control Dieting Dieting Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inflammatory Bowel Disease Chron’s Disease Chron’s Disease

15. Keavers Connection When Keavers and Hector eat their meals the gall bladder helps digest the fats that they eat. When Keavers and Hector eat their meals the gall bladder helps digest the fats that they eat. The gallbladder concentrates the bile within it by removing all the water through it’s walls. The gallbladder concentrates the bile within it by removing all the water through it’s walls. Therefore without the Gallbladder digesting fat from foods would be less efficient since the bile is not concentrated In one area. Therefore without the Gallbladder digesting fat from foods would be less efficient since the bile is not concentrated In one area. Bile is also used to help eliminate excess cholesterol, since eating seafood has tons of cholesterol the gallbladder helps take the excess out. Bile is also used to help eliminate excess cholesterol, since eating seafood has tons of cholesterol the gallbladder helps take the excess out.

16. Bibliography "Gallbladder Bile." Gallbladder Bile. Organic Life Style Magazine. Web. 13 May 2012.. "Gallbladder Bile." Gallbladder Bile. Organic Life Style Magazine. Web. 13 May 2012.. "Gastrointestinal Surgery - Gall Baldder Disease." Gastrointestinal Surgery - Gall Baldder Disease. Penn Medicine. Web. 13 May 2012.. "Gastrointestinal Surgery - Gall Baldder Disease." Gastrointestinal Surgery - Gall Baldder Disease. Penn Medicine. Web. 13 May 2012.. "About the Gallbladder, Gallbladder Location, Gallbladder Function, What Bile Does and More..." About the Gallbladder, Gallbladder Location, Gallbladder Function, What Bile Does and More... Web. 13 May 2012.. "About the Gallbladder, Gallbladder Location, Gallbladder Function, What Bile Does and More..." About the Gallbladder, Gallbladder Location, Gallbladder Function, What Bile Does and More... Web. 13 May 2012.. "The Gallbladder (Human Anatomy): Picture, Definition, Function, and Related Conditions." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 13 May 2012.. "The Gallbladder (Human Anatomy): Picture, Definition, Function, and Related Conditions." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 13 May 2012..

17. Continued “Related Content." Gallstones and Gallbladder Disease. Web. 13 May 2012.. “Related Content." Gallstones and Gallbladder Disease. Web. 13 May 2012.. "The Gallbladder…not Just an Extra Organ after All! | Lifetime Family Wellness Center." The Gallbladder…not Just an Extra Organ after All! Web. 13 May 2012.. "The Gallbladder…not Just an Extra Organ after All! | Lifetime Family Wellness Center." The Gallbladder…not Just an Extra Organ after All! Web. 13 May 2012..