1. [Science] 25 October 2013 vol 342, issue 6157, pages 393-520

9. [Science] 18 October 2013 vol 342, issue 6156, pages 281-392 In science news around the world, a chemical weapons watchdog group wins the Nobel Peace Prize, NASA offers previously banned Chinese scientists another chance to register for an upcoming meeting at Ames Research Center, Italy blocks clinical trials of a controversial stem cell therapy, and more.

10. [Science] 18 October 2013 vol 342, issue 6156, pages 281-392

14. Volume variation. The extracellular (interstitial) space in the cortex of the mouse brain, through which cerebral spinal fluid moves, increases from 14% in the awake animal to 23% in the sleeping animal, an increase that allows the faster clearance of metabolic waste products and toxins. Therapeutics could potentially exploit this dynamic to clear factors associated with conditions such as epilepsy, migraines, and insomnia

15. [Science] 18 October 2013 vol 342, issue 6156, pages 281-392

16. [Science Signaling] 22 October 2013 Vol 6, Issue 298 [Science Signaling] 15 October 2013 Vol 6, Issue 297

17. [Science Signaling] 8 October 2013 Vol 6, Issue 296 [Science Signaling] 1 October 2013 Vol 6, Issue 295

18. [Science Translational Medicine]

24. Nature Immunology | Article The transcription factor IRF4 is essential for TCR affinity–mediated metabolic programming and clonal expansion of T cells The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia. During immune responses, T cells are subject to clonal competition, which leads to the predominant expansion of high-affi nity clones; however, there is little understanding of how this process is controlled. We found here that the transcription fac tor IRF4 was induced in a manner dependent on affinity for the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and acted as a dose-depend ent regulator of the metabolic function of activated T cells. IRF4 regulated the expression of key molecules required for the aerobic glycolysis of effector T cells and was essential for the clonal expansion and maintenance of effector function of ant igen-specific CD8 + T cells. Thus, IRF4 is an indispensable molecular 'rheostat' that 'translates' TCR affinity into the approp riate transcriptional programs that link metabolic function with the clonal selection and effector differentiation of T cells.

25. Nature Immunology | Article Hypoxia-inducible factors enhance the effector responses of CD8 + T cells to persi stent antigen Division of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Californi a, USA. Cytolytic activity by CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a powerful strategy for the elimination of intracellular pathogen s and tumor cells. The destructive capacity of CTLs is progressively dampened during chronic infection, yet the environme ntal cues and molecular pathways that influence immunological 'exhaustion' remain unclear. Here we found that CTL imm unity was regulated by the central transcriptional response to hypoxia, which is controlled in part by hypoxia-inducible fact ors (HIFs) and the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor VHL. Loss of VHL, the main negative regulator of HIFs, led to leth al CTL-mediated immunopathology during chronic infection, and VHL-deficient CTLs displayed enhanced control of persist ent viral infection and neoplastic growth. We found that HIFs and oxygen influenced the expression of pivotal transcription, effector and costimulatory-inhibitory molecules of CTLs, which was relevant to strategies that promote the clearance of vir uses and tumors.