1. Thursday, March 27 th Which of the following inventions do you feel has had the greatest impact on society? Why? Barbed Wire, Telephone, Phonograph, Refrigerator, Light Bulb, Electric Sewing Machine, Camera

2. Inventions and Innovations

3. FYI: Life in the 1860s No indoor electric lights No refrigeration In 1860, most mail from the East Coast took ten days to reach the Midwest and three weeks to get to the West Coast. A letter from Europe to a person on the frontier could take several months to reach its destination.

4. FYI: Life in the 1900s Power stations across the country began providing electricity for lamps, fans, printing presses, and many other appliances.

5. By 1900, there were 1.5 million telephones in use all over the country, and Western Union Telegraph was sending roughly 63 million messages.

6. Patents License to make, use, or sell an invention 1790-1860, 36,000 issued 1860-1890, 500,000 issued WHY?

7. Your task is to... Identify the item that is patented. Decide if it is for business/industrial use or personal use.

20. Think about it…. What motivates people to invent and be innovative? Take 2 minutes to brainstorm an answer to this question

21. SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS WITH THE PERSON NEXT TO YOU!

22. BRAINSTORM! Think about some needs that you have when it comes to US History class. What do you need to help you learn better? Jot down a few ideas on a separate sheet of paper.

23. INVENTION Ms. Gammie will assign groups. You will work in your group to come up with an invention that solves one of the NEEDS we came up with as a class. Follow the directions on your worksheet and create a drawing of your invention. Everyone is responsible for his/her own worksheet!

24. Closer 3/27 After today’s lesson, has your answer from the warm up changed? Why or why not?

25. Friday, March 28 th How might access to a washing machine improve society?

26. What’s the difference? Discovery: The act of finding or learning something for the first time Invention: A product of the imagination; a device or process created after study and experiment. Think: Creation Innovation: A new idea, device, or method Think: Improvement

27. Thomas A. Edison Setup research lab created a system for producing and distributing electrical power

28. Edison Perfected the light bulb

29. Edison Developed the phonograph

30. Edison Developed the motion picture camera!

31. Edison Freaks Out the President! Even though President Harrison was quite the “modern” President! Benjamin Harrison (President 1889-1893)

32. George Westinghouse Made electricity safer and less expensive. More effective air brakes for trains Developed a way to transmit it long distances.

33. Other Key Inventions Electric sewing machine Cameras (hand-held) Refrigerator

34. Meanwhile, back on the farm… Mechanical Reapers Sod busting plows Mechanized tractors Means less help was needed on the farm

35. Closer, 3/28 What new technologies have made your teenage life different from the teenage life of the adults you know? Do you think they might be important to note in future Social Studies classes?

36. Monday, March 31st We know from our Immigration unit that cities were growing rapidly at the end of the 19 th century. What does a city need in order to grow? What resources fuel this growth? Explain.

37. Inventions and Innovations Part 2 Making Metal for New Machinery

38. The Old Way: What is happening here?

39. Making Metal for New Machinery Iron Puddler was responsible for heating the iron to the proper temperature to burn out impurities leaving wrought iron He has control of the final product, not the owner of the factory

40. The Bessemer Process - 1856 Henry Bessemer patented the process making the production of steel easier and cheaper. The Bessemer Process EQUALS Mass Production in steel industry

41. Process involves injecting air into molten iron to burn off excess carbon and other impurities.

43. Products Made of Iron From the Vulcan Museum, Birmingham, AL (a huge iron producing region)

47. Due to the Bessemer Process, a new age of building began to sweep the nation! The Brooklyn Bridge, designed with steel cables suspended from high towers, was made possible by mass production.

48. Skyscrapers! Strong steel (plus elevators) mean that America’s teeming cities can now grow upwards!

49. Elevators by Elijah Otis It took another innovation to begin the transformation of cities

50. What do you think it must have been like to work under the conditions seen here? Why would workers risk their lives to work under these conditions?

51. “Old-timer – keeping up with the boys. Many structural workers are above middle-age.” Lewis Hine

52. Construction worker on lunch break while building the RCA Building at Rockefeller Center, 1932

53. Because of Steel The Railroad Industry Expands! Railroads help revolutionize business and industry several ways!

54. Rollin’, Rollin’, Rollin’ On May 10, 1869, the transcontinental railroad, extending from coast to coast, was finished with the hammering of a golden spike at Promontory, Utah.

55. Railroads and Industry 1.Provided a faster and practical way to transport goods 2.Lowered the costs of producing goods 3.Created national markets for buying goods 4.Encouraged innovation in other industries

56. And They Standardized Time! In 1883, the railroads adopted a national system of time zones to improve scheduling, a system we still use today.

57. Closer 3/31 We know from our Immigration unit that cities were growing rapidly at the end of the 19 th century. What does a city need in order to grow? What resources fuel this growth? Explain.