1. Unit 3 A Nation Transformed

2. Ellis Island Ellis Island opened in 1892 as a federal immigration station. Millions of newly arrived European immigrants passed through the station during that time. Here they had a series of health tests they had to pass.

3. Angel Island Angel Island, outside of San Francisco, California was the processing center for Asian immigrants.

4. Statue of Liberty "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" Emma Lazarus, 1883 The statue of Liberty was a gift to the United States from the people of France. It has become the recognized symbol of liberty.

5. Symbolism of the Statue of Liberty The 7 spires of her crown stand for the 7 seas and 7 continents. Her torch is a symbol of welcome for the new arrivals. Her broken chain at her feet is a symbol of freedom. She holds a tablet with the date of the Declaration of Independence.

6. Why did urban areas grow in the late 1800s and early 1900s? 1.Migration of African Americans to Northern cities 2.Immigration 3.Industrialization 4.Improved transportation networks 5.Rural-to-urban migration

7. Keu Urban Areas in the United States in the early 1900s

8. Why did immigration to the United States increase during the late 1800s and early 1900s? Hope for better opportunities Religious freedom Escape from oppressive governments adventure

9. What were living conditions like in urban areas? Health and sanitation problems Tenements Overcrowded areas Employment opportunities Ghettos Political machines Culture

10. What were working conditions like during industrialization? Long hours Low wages Unsafe working conditions They had sweatshops (a shop or factory where workers work long hours at low wages under unhealthy conditions) They had child labor

11. Early Urban Reform Efforts Jacob Riis Jacob Riis wrote a book called How the Other Half Lives describing the lives of the urban poor. He is known for his dedication to using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the poor in New York City.

12. How the Other Half Lives The Photographs of Jacob Riis, New York City, The Late 1800s

13. The streets of New York were a dangerous place…. Bandit's Roost, Mulberry Street c. 1888

14. Gangs of boys and men ruled the slums of New York Mullen's Alley, Cherry Hill c.1888

15. A downtown "Morgue" (unlicensed saloon) c. 1890

16. In tenements, diseases such as tuberculosis killed thousands.

17. A homeless women with her “bed”. Police Station Lodger, A Plank for a Bed. c. 1890

18. Several families would crowd into dirty, dark and airless apartments called tenements.

19. With little hope of a good life, despair was everywhere. Basement of a Pub in Mulberry-Bend at 3:00 am,. 1890

20. Several families would crowd into dirty, dark and airless apartments called tenements.

21. Early Urban Reform Efforts – Jane Addams Jane Addams established the Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago where immigrants could learn and get help. Jane had compassion for the urban poor.

22. Sharing a meal at the Hull House

23. Several Activities going on at the Hull House

24. Key Inventors and their Contributions Alexander Graham Bell – telephone Henry Ford – use of the assembly line and mass production Thomas Edison – light bulb

25. How did immigrants contribute to American life? Religious diversity Food New words Customs Source of labor Specialized farming methods

26. How Did Native Born Americans Treat the Newly Arrived Immigrants ? Nativist Movement -- Nativists wanted to preserve the U.S. for native-born Americans. - They said immigrants took away jobs and were associated with violence and crime.

27. Chinese Exclusion Act The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 kept the Chinese from settling in the United States. We greatly discriminated against the Chinese and Irish.

28. Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan – 1907 (Immigration) The United States and Japan reached an agreement – Japan would stop workers from entering into the U.S and in return the U.S. would allow Japanese women to join their husbands who were already in the country.