1. 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 History of Genetics Punnett Squares Heredity’s Helix MutationsPOTLUCK

2. Who is considered the “Father of Genetics”? Gregor Mendel

3. The trait that always shows itself when present is _______, and the trait that is hidden is called ________. Dominant, Recessive

4. If the combination of genes is the same, the trait is ________. If the combination of genes is different, the trait is _______. Homozygous, Heterozygous

5. What are different forms of a gene called? Alleles

6. What makes up a chromosomes? Many genes joined together

7. What is probability? A number that describes how likely an event will occur.

8. What does a Punnett Square show? All the possible outcomes of a genetic cross.

9. An organism’s physical appearance is its _________. Phenotype

10. An organism’s genotype is its _________. Genetic makeup (the combination of traits)

11. What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two heterozygous tall pea plants? Three out of four (75%)

12. DNA is made of subunits called _________. nucleotides

13. What letters represent the four bases of DNA? A, T, C, G

14. The sides of the DNA “ladder” are made of ________. Sugar and Phosphate

15. The complementary stand to the DNA sequence AATTCCGG? TTAAGGCC

16. ________ is a biotechnological process used to produce new forms of DNA. Genetic Engineering

17. How does a mutation affect the DNA? A change in DNA sequence

18. What type of mutation one base left out? Deletion

19. Where must a mutation occur to be passed on from one generation to the next? Sex Cells (Sperm and Egg Cells)

20. ________ cause DNA to be damaged. For example, chemicals in cigarette smoke can cause mutations. Mutagens

21. AT AT AT CG CG CG GC GC GC Insertion AT AT AT CG AT CG CG GC GC GC What type of mutation is this?

22. Name the organization of life from least to the greatest. CELLS- TISSUE- ORGANS- ORGAN SYSTEMS- ORGANISM

23. What organelle is the “powerhouse” of the cell? Mitochondrion

24. What organelle is responsible for transporting nutrients through the cell? Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

25. What organelle is responsible for making protein? Ribosome

26. Oxygen molecules move across cell membranes through a process called ______________. Diffusion