1. Minerals Properties of Minerals How Minerals Form Using Mineral Resources Table of Contents

2. Minerals Note 3.1.3

3. Minerals What Is a Mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. - Properties of Minerals

4. Minerals Naturally Occurring – NOT produced by people. Inorganic – NOT made of former living stuff. Coal is NOT a mineral. Fossils are NOT minerals. Solid – It does NOT take the shape of its container. Crystal Structure – Atoms are arranged in a pattern. Definite Chemical Composition – ALL samples will have the same density.

5. Minerals Notes 3.1.4

6. Minerals Identifying Minerals - Properties of Minerals The crystals of each mineral grow atom by atom to form that mineral’s particular crystal structure. Geologists classify these structures into six groups based on the number and angle of the crystal faces.

7. Minerals Crystal Systems Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about crystal systems. - Properties of Minerals

8. Minerals Outlining An outline shows the relationship between major ideas and supporting ideas. As you read, make an outline about the properties of minerals. Use the red headings for the main topics and the blue headings for the subtopics. Properties of Minerals I.What Is a Mineral? A.Naturally Occurring B.Inorganic C.Solid D.Crystal Structure E.Definite Chemical Composition II.Identifying Minerals A.Color B.Streak C.Luster D.Density E.Hardness F.Crystal Systems G.Cleavage and Fracture H. Special Properties - Properties of Minerals

9. Minerals Where Minerals Form Minerals can form on the surface through evaporation of solutions containing dissolved minerals. Minerals can form beneath the surface when dissolved elements and compounds leave a hot water solution or when magma cools and hardens. - How Minerals Form

10. Minerals Asking Questions Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a how or what question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions. How do minerals form from magma? They form when magma cools and crystals grow. How do minerals form from solutions? They form when solutions evaporate or cool. QuestionsAnswers - How Minerals Form

11. Minerals Calculating Density To calculate the density of a mineral, divide the mass of the mineral sample by its volume. Density = Mass/Volume For example, if a sample of olivine has a mass of 237 g and a volume of 72 cm 3, then the density is 237 g/72 cm 3 = 3.3 g/cm 3 Practice Problem A sample of calcite has a mass of 324 g and a volume of 120 cm 3. What is its density? 324 g ÷ 120 cm 3 = 2.7 g/cm 3 - Properties of Minerals

12. Minerals Mineral Density Use the line graph of the mass and volume of pyrite samples to answer the questions. - Properties of Minerals

13. Minerals Mineral Density 50 g; 10 cm 3 Reading Graphs: What is the mass of Sample B? What is the volume of Sample B? - Properties of Minerals

14. Minerals Mineral Density 5 g/cm 3 Calculating: What is the density of Sample B? - Properties of Minerals

15. Minerals Mineral Density 100 g; 20 cm 3 Reading Graphs: What is the mass of Sample C? What is the volume of Sample C? - Properties of Minerals

16. Minerals Mineral Density 5 g/cm 3 Calculating: What is the density of Sample C? - Properties of Minerals

17. Minerals Mineral Density The density of samples B and C is the same. Comparing and Contrasting: Compare the density of Sample B to that of Sample C. - Properties of Minerals

18. Minerals Mineral Density 8 g Predicting: A piece of pyrite has a volume of 40 cm 3. What is its mass? - Properties of Minerals

19. Minerals Mineral Density No; density does not depend on size. Larger samples have more mass, but the ratio between mass and volume is constant. Drawing Conclusions: Does the density of a mineral depend on the size of the mineral sample? Explain. - Properties of Minerals

20. Minerals Mineral Identification Table 1.Make a table that you can use to identify minerals. 2.Your table must include these columns: “Name of the Mineral” column One column for each of the 8 ways to identify 3. Your table should demonstrate ALL of the qualities of a good table (we will fill in the data tomorrow).

21. Minerals Data Sharing Lab Click the PHSchool.com button for an activity about sharing data for the Skills Lab Finding the Density of Minerals.

22. Minerals End of Section: Properties of Minerals

23. Minerals More on Mineral Formation Click the PHSchool.com button for an activity about mineral formation. - How Minerals Form

24. Minerals End of Section: How Minerals Form

25. Minerals Producing Metals From Minerals In the process of smelting, an ore is mixed with other substances and then melted to separate the useful metal from the other elements the ore contains. - Using Mineral Resources

26. Minerals What You Know What You Learned Using Prior Knowledge Before you read, look at the section headings and visuals to see what this section is about. Then write what you know about mineral resources in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, write what you learn. 1.The gems used in jewelry are minerals. 2.Metals come from Earth. 1.Minerals are also the source of metals and other useful materials, like quartz and gypsum. 2.Most metals come from ores, which are mined and smelted before the metals can be used. - Using Mineral Resources

27. Minerals Rubies Click the Video button to watch a movie about rubies. - Using Mineral Resources

28. Minerals Producing Aluminum Click the Video button to watch a movie about producing aluminum. - Using Mineral Resources

29. Minerals Links on Mining Minerals Click the SciLinks button for links on mining minerals. - Using Mineral Resources

30. Minerals End of Section: Using Mineral Resources

31. Minerals Graphic Organizer HematiteBrick Naturally occurring Crystal structure Definite chemical composition Solid or inorganic Inorganic or solid Human- made No crystal structure Chemical composition varies

32. Minerals End of Section: Graphic Organizer