1. Creating a CASE STUDY ! LO: to discover WHY we create case studies LO2: TO discover the key points you need to include in your case study STARTER: In 10 lines or more fully explain the meaning of this graph, use examples in your answer

2. What is a CASE STUDY? A case study is detailed piece of RESEARCH work on a particular place, person or event. It allows you to use real examples in your exam which is expected in the final 3 questions of your Final exam

3. What goes into a CASE STUDY? Background KEY FACTS Where in the world is the place? A couple of maps help! What countries and oceans are near it (if needed) Population of the country Capital City Is it a MEDC or a LEDC Are they affected by natural hazards often? Are they affected by other natural hazards?  What type of plate boundary is it, (diagram, labels)  What are the plates involved called? Size of event (Richter scale) Time of day (local time) Death toll Were some groups effected more than others? Injuries Economic cost to rebuild Percentage of country killed/injured

4. Prediction & Preparation Primary effects Secondary effects What had been done to predict the event? Was the event predictable, if not explain briefly why not What was done to prepare/get ready for a natural hazard? What were the Government doing ? Training, education, sirens? Planning? What were the general population doing to prepare for a disaster? Earthquake proofing? Stockpiling food? Earthquake kits? What machines were used to monitor the situation?  What were the primary effects of the hazard?  How many people did the primary hazard kill?  Were the primary effects worse than people had anticipated… why? o What were the secondary effects o Were they predicted? o Were they worse than expected? o How does each secondary effect link back in to the original primary effect (could make a table) Primary Led to Secondary

5. Management How did they Manage the event LONG TERM What was done? How quickly did the government act? What did they do to save lives? Where were the injured put? Was it good enough? Did the preparation help? Did other countries have to come and help? What did they do? Did Aid agencies and charities come to help? What did they do? BUILD a TIMELINE OF MANAGEMENT How much did the whole event cost, What were the effects on the Economy of the area? Was the country given money to rebuild from other countries? Are they making any new plans on how to deal with the disaster? E.g. quake proofing? Will they be prepared for the next one? EVIDENCE!

6. JAPAN 2011 Background information : 1. Japan, series of islands created by the subduction of the pacific plate under the Eurasian plate, the rising magma created a chain of volcanic islands ( Japan ) 2. Japan is a MEDC 3. Japan has the 3 rd largest economy in the world, making many of the worlds most hi tec gadgets, computers and cars 4. Population is 127,000, 5. Due to the geography ( very high mountains ) most people live on the flat land near to the coast. 6. Highest Earthquake protection spending of any country in the world

7. Prediction and Preparation Excellent prediction and preparation 180 Tsunami monitors across the pacific ocean 1000 seismometers and 100’ s of recording centres which instantly give the location of any quake and judge potential damage Early warning systems gave Japan almost 60 seconds of warning meaning that many people could get to positions of safety, put on helmets, get into safe rooms Schools train for quakes and most pupils have crash helmet under their desk. Incredibly strong building controls Tall building use the best earthquake proof technology including rubber joints, mass dampers, LRB ’ s moats, counter weights High Tsunami walls and large gates to close rivers to stop tsunami travelling up them http :// www. youtube. com / watch?v =1 tr 6 K q 6 bUMk

8. KEY FACTS 11 march 2011 14:16 pm 9.0 on Richter scale 15,000 dead, ALL DUE TO SECONDARY ! Epicentre 90 miles east of Tahoka, Japan 1 of the 5 largest earthquakes since recording began At least 300,000 people made homeless Fukashima nuclear plant melts down, exploding killing x, and resulting in 1000’ s exposed to dangerous levels of radiation. Exclusion zone set up around the site meaning that a large town will be uninhabitable for generations. COST of repair will be over $200 billion

9. Primary effects PRIMARY Buildings swayed but did not fall Not one recorded dead from huge earthquake Internet servers continue to work, unaffected by quake Primary hazards managed incredibly well and people would be claiming that it was the best managed earthquake of all time Gas pipes automatically sealed Water pipes bent but remained functional EXCEPT the secondary hadn ’ t arrived yet !

10. Secondary effects MASSIVE TSUNAMI Travelled at 370 mph Upto 40 m high at some points 15 m high when it reached shore All swept away before it Climbed slopes upto the height Of 50 feet Damaged Fukashima Nuclear plant

12. FUKASHIMA nuclear plant Nuclear power plants provide around 25% of Japans electricty needs FUKASHIMA was 1 plant of 54 nuclear power plants, nearly all of which were located near to the sea, on flat land, this was because they were close to population sources and they could use water to act as a coolant for the nuclear rods. IF the rods are not continuously cooled with cool water they can overheat and then explode The tsunami knocked out the coolant water and destoryed the emergency Diesel generators designed to pump in sea water to cool the rods. Pressure began to rise, workers were sent in to manually open valves to release pressure, exposing themselves to radiation 100’ s X the safe dosage Fukashima reactor blew up 3.36 pm 12 march

13. FUKASHIMA nuclear plant Effects 1000’ s of people exposed to radiation many times in excess of the safe dose Whole towns and villages now abandoned as a permanent exclusion zone is set up around the Site. Nuclear contaminants enter the Pacific ocean Disaster forces all other nuclear power plants to power down for safety checks meaning that Japan have a huge power shortage Economy is severely damaged due to no power and worker problems, plus docks and ports severely damaged.

14. Exam Question How can good preparation and management reduce death toll in earthquakes [8]