1. Quality Monitoring in JMA
Ota Yukinari
Numerical Prediction Division
Forecast Department

2. outline Two types of Monitoring Report published by JMA
The procedures of a consolidated list of suspected stations with some example
Trends in the number of suspected stations
Summary

3. Monitoring Report Monthly Global Monitoring Report
JMA publishes following reports ;
Monthly Global Monitoring Report
JMA reports suspected observations of low quality through our NWP system once a month.
(as one of the NWP centre)
Report on the Quality of Land Surface Observations in Region II (Asia)
RSMC Tokyo publishes it every half year as a lead center for monitoring the quality of land surface observations.
(as one of the Lead Centre)

4. Monitoring Report
Report on the Quality of Land Surface Observations in Region II
Monthly Global Monitoring Report
updated
6-monthly
Monthly
lead time
more than 3month
a few days
produced
manually
automatically
references
First Guess Field of JMA Global Model
All Monthly Global Monitoring Report from other monitoring centres
Previous report
region
Region II
Global
monitoring data
MSLP SLP GZ of SYNOP
SYNOP, SHIP, BUOY, platform
TEMP, PILOT, AIRCRAFT, SATOB, ATOVS
Published at

5. Selection Criteria for suspect list (SLP, MSLP)
Statistics on observation against the first guess field of
JMA global model (O-B)
Report on the Quality of Land Surface Observations in Region II
Monthly Global Monitoring Report
NOBS
About 180 (at least 1 per day) 20
Gross Error Limit
15.0 hPa
%Gross Error
25%
|BIAS|
3.0 hPa
4.0 hPa SD
5.0 hPa
6.0 hPa
reference
own criteria, stricter than that of monthly monitoring, no agreement
Manual on the GDPFS ATTACHMENT II.9

6. Report on the Quality of Land Surface Observations in Region II
a consolidated list of stations suspected of reporting low-quality observation data of station level pressure, mean sea level pressure and geopotential height

7. List for suspect station
6-month statistics on O-B in all RA II stations (about 2000 stations)
Select suspect stations by criteria (about 50 stations)
Check the selected stations
Suspect lists by the other monitoring centres
Time-series of Obs and FirstGuess
Tendency to surrounding stations
consideration of NWP model errors

8. Check list for suspect stations (for scratch)

9. Most typical error and improvement
Improved
Elevation error

10. Surrounding stations
large bias
compared with
surrounding stations

11. Short-term error
This station was NOT listed in the suspect lists

12. Deterioration
adjusted?
improved?
gradually worsen
2013
2014
2015

13. Seasonal BIAS (MSLP)
Oct.
Apr.
large positive BIAS in winter

14. Seasonal BIAS (temperature)
large negative BIAS in winter
Oct.
Apr.
due to model warm BIAS

15. Model BIAS in Siberia MSLP in Jan. 2014 Positive BIAS of MSLP
i.e. Model has weak high pressure
temperature in Jan. 2014
Negative BIAS of temperature
i.e. Model has weak coldness
The stations in that area should not be listed

16. Structure of monitoring results
Consolidated list of suspect stations throughout the period
Stations where quality deteriorated during the period
Stations improved and excluded from the previous consolidated list
Stations removed from the previous consolidated list

17. Trends in the number of suspected station in Region II
Suspect stations remain constantly

18. Response of the improvement from NMHSs
Report
Country
Date
Comment
No32 July to December 2006 (March 2007)
Nepal
27 June 2007
44146 elevation change
No33 January to June 2007 (September 2007)
Kyrgyzstan
26 October 2007
36985 location and elevation change
China
December 2007
59758 new location
Kazakhstan
10 December 2007
35416 elevation change
Laos
14 December 2007
48921, 48924, 48925, 48927, 48935, 48938, 48952, elevation change and installment new mercury barometers

19. Summary
JMA is
a NWP Centre for exchange of monitoring results.
a Lead Centre for monitoring the quality of land surface observations and responsible for monitoring the quality of land surface observations in Region II.
JMA publishes two type of Monitoring Reports via online .
Various information are used to produced consolidated list of suspect stations.
Not only O-B statistics.
NWP model is not perfect.
Observation errors should be distinguished from model errors. (but it is much difficult.)
In consideration of the above, it takes more than 3 month to complete.
About 30 stations remain in suspect lists.