4. Populations: Type III Survivorship Curve L x = Proportion of Original Population Alive at Age X (Graphically, converted to Common Logarithm)

5. Beeplant (Cleome) 11 Fig. 10-17 in Molles 2013 Populations: Type III Survivorship Curve

6. Dall Sheep

7. Populations: Type I Survivorship Curve 12 Fig. 10-14 in Molles 2013

8. Fig. 10.15 in Molles 2013 Populations: Type I Survivorship Curve

9. American Robin

10. 9 10Fig. 10-16 in Molles 2008 Populations: Type II Survivorship Curve

11. Fig. 10.16 in Molles 2013 Populations: Type II Survivorship Curve

12. Populations: Patterns of Survivorships Fig. 10-18 in Molles 2008

13. Humans

14. Fig. 9.4 in Cain 2008 Survivorship Curves for Humans

15. 12 Fig. 10-14 in Molles 2013 Characterizing Survivorship: How?

16. Characterizing Survivorship I: Cohort Life Table Analysis Cohort: All individuals born at the same time

17. Cohort Lifetable: Monitor all individuals born in a given year until their death Age (Years)Number of Survivors 0-11,000 1-2 800 2-3 640 3-4 500 4-5 380 5-6 152 6-7 60 Cohort: A group of individuals of the same age

18. Problems with Cohort Life Tables?

19. 14 15 16 Adolph Murie Characterizing Survivorship II: Static Life Table Analysis

20. Static Life Table Collect age data on individuals at time of death Fig. 10.14 in Molles 2008

21. Fig. 10-14 in Molles 2008 Survivorship Curve for Dall Sheep (Based on Static Life Table Analysis)

22. Assumption of Static Life Table Analysis: Proportion of skulls in each age class Proportion of individuals who die in each age class =

23. Population: Age Distribution

24. Fig. 9.7 in Cain 2008 Population: Age Distribution

25. White Oak Population: Age Distribution

26. Populations: Age Distribution

27. Rio Grande Cottonwood Populations: Age Distribution

28. Populations: Age Structure

29. Large Cactus Finch – Genovesa Island

30. Population: Age Structure Large Cactus Finch 1983 Population1987 Population

31. Population: Rates of Population Change

32. > 1 : Increasing < 1: Decreasing ) = 1: No Change Geometric Rate of Increase ( A) Generations Do Not Overlap

33. Fig. 10.22 in Molles 2013 ) Geometric Rate of Increase ( A) Generations Do Not Overlap

34. Phlox drummondii Population Size: = _______ 2011: 500 2012: 1200 Phlox drummondii (Geometric Growth) ) Geometric Rate of Increase ( A) Generations Do Not Overlap

35. r = Per Capita Rate of Increase r > 0: Increasingr < 0: Decreasingr = 0: No Change B) Continuous Growth Per Capita Rate of Increase (r)

36. r = ln R o _______ T B) Continuous Growth Per Capita Rate of Increase (r)

37. Crucial Population Indices: Net Reproductive Rate (R o ) (Number of individuals produced per individual in its lifetime (Animals: Females only))

38. Crucial Population Indices: Generation Time (T) (Mean age of a Female when Giving Birth)

39. Crucial Population Indices: Survivorship (l x ) L x = Proportion of Original Population Alive at Beginning of Time Interval x

40. Crucial Population Indices: Fecundity = Maternity (m x ) (Number of Individuals Produced per Individual during Time Interval x (Animals: Female Offspring Only))

41. Common Mud Turtle (K. subrubrum) Estimating Per Capita Rate of Increase: Case Study Fig. 10.2 in Molles 2013

42. Table 10.2 in Molles 2013 (continued) Combining Life Tables with Fecundity Schedules (Continuous Reproduction)

43. Useful Life Table Notation m x : Number of individuals produced per individual during time period x (animals: females only) x: Age in years (or other designated time unit) [n x : Number of individuals surviving to beginning of x] [d x : Number of individuals dead in a given time interval] R o : Number of individuals produced per individual in its lifetime (animals: females only) T: Mean age of a female when giving birth l x : Proportion of original individuals surviving to beginning of x

44. r: Per Capita Rate of Increase (= birth rate – death rate) (If r < 0, population is decreasing) (If r = 0, population is not changing) (If r > 0, population is increasing) Indices of Population Growth: r r = ln R o _______ T