1. Stalin Soviet Union: Establishment of a political and economic system up to 1953 CHY4U

2. Joseph Stalin Succeeded Lenin Died 1953 PBS, World War II Behind Closed Doors, Joseph Stalin, N.d., http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/biographies/stalin.html (May 27, 2013). http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/biographies/stalin.html

3. Collectivization Agricultural Policy – Peasants – Kulaks (‘rich’ peasants) – Kolkhoz Russiapedia, Kolkhoz, 2005-2011, http://russiapedia.rt.com/of- russian-origin/kolkhoz/ (May 27, 2013).http://russiapedia.rt.com/of- russian-origin/kolkhoz/ Happy collective farmers, according to Soviet art, 1930

4. Women collective farmers picking tomatoes outside Moscow. Yale University, Annals of Communism, Stalinism as a Way of Life: A Narrative in Documents, N.d., http://www.yale.edu/annals/siegelbaum/images/siegelbaum_photos.htm (May 27, 2013). http://www.yale.edu/annals/siegelbaum/images/siegelbaum_photos.htm

5. Ibid. Soviet Poster: Off to Collective Work.

6. Banners say: "We will liquidate the kulaks as a class" and "All to the struggle against the wreckers of agriculture." Ibid.

7. Holodomor “Murder by hunger”Famine-genocide “Harvest of Sorry”Mass killing Grain procurement Bohdan Klid and Alexander J. Motyl, eds., The Holodomor Reader: A Sourcebook on the Famine of 1932 to 1933 in Ukraine (Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2012), xxx-xiv.

8. Holodomor Man-made Ukrainian famine amongst a population resisting collectivization and Sovietization Stalin raised the amount of grain the Ukraine was supposed to supply to the state by 44% 5-10 million dead Ukrainian Genocide poster. Ukrainian Genocide Famine Foundation, 75 th Anniversary of the Ukrainian Genocide Online Exhibition, 2008, http://www.ukrainiangenocide.org/75th_Exhibit_Page_0.html (May 27, 2013). http://www.ukrainiangenocide.org/75th_Exhibit_Page_0.html

9. Propaganda ‘The poster quotes (in Ukrainian) a dictum of P. P. Postyshev, Ukrainian party boss: "We must make 1935 a year of bountiful harvest no matter what the climatic conditions.“’ Yale University, Annals of Communism, Stalinism as a Way of Life: A Narrative in Documents, N.d., http://www.yale.edu/annals/siegelbaum/images/siegelbaum_photos.htm (May 5, 2016). http://www.yale.edu/annals/siegelbaum/images/siegelbaum_photos.htm

10. Industrialization 5-Year Plans – Heavy industry – Central planning = command economy Soviet poster against the old life of laziness. Ibid.

11. Industrial Workers Stakhanovites in Moscow, winners of industrial competition with their motor cycle prize. Ibid. Woman industrial worker.

12. Gulag Main Directorate for Corrective Labour Camps NKVD (People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs) Manual labour Prisoners: – Criminals – Public and religious dissenters Remnants of buildings at Salekhard Igarka Railway in Siberia. “Russian Prison Officials Under Fire for Gulag Celebration,” The Telegraph, Feb. 5, 2013, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/9850949/Russian-prison-officials-under-fire- for-gulag-celebration.html (May 27, 2013). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/9850949/Russian-prison-officials-under-fire- for-gulag-celebration.html

13. Hard Labour Gulag: Soviet Forced Labour Camps and the Struggle for Freedom, 2006-2013, http://gulaghistory.org/nps/onlineexhibit/stalin/work.php (May 27, 2013). http://gulaghistory.org/nps/onlineexhibit/stalin/work.php Gold miners at Kolyma in Siberia, 1934.

14. Hand Labour Ibid. Building the White Sea-Baltic Canal by hand, 1932.

15. Great Purges Stalin supposedly signing a death warrant at the 1936 trial Douglas O. Linder, The Moscow Purge Trials (1936-38): Selected Links and Bibliography, N.d., http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/moscowpurge/moscowlinks.html (May 27, 2013). http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/moscowpurge/moscowlinks.html