Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byGriffin McLaughlin Modified over 8 years ago
1
Pay for your AP EXAM by April 5 BEGIN STUDYING FOR AP EXAM!
2
Biosphere - This is the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems and landscape How regional exchange influences the distributions across biosphere
3
Focuses on the factors controlling exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple ecosystems Focuses on factors controlling exchanges of energy and materials along multiple ecosystems
4
The community of organisms in the area and the physical factors with which the organisms interact. Emphasis on energy flow and chemical cycling
5
A group of populations of different species in an area Interactions between species – and how that affects community structure
6
Group of individuals of the same species in the same area Factors that affect population size, how and why populations change over time
7
How an organism’s structure, physiology, and behavior meet the challenges posed by its environment
8
How large bodies of water and mountains affect climate Abiotic factors – nonliving factors, chemicals, temperature, light, water, nutrients, Biotic factors – living factors, other organisms
9
Biomes – major life zone classifications characterized by vegetation type and physical environment
11
Dispersal – movement of individuals or gametes away from their area of origin or from centers of high population density
14
Population – group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area Density - # of individuals (volume) Dispersion – pattern spacing of individuals
16
First sampling: 180 Second sampling: 44 7 had already been tagged What's the population size?
19
Study of population statistics, and how populations change over time
23
N = population size t = time ∆N = change in population size ∆t = time interval B = births D = deaths K = carrying capacity r max = max growth rate per capita
24
dN dt r max N
26
dN dt (K N) K r max N
28
K – selection R – selection
29
Finish Ecology Activity Prepare for exam!
30
Density independent factors A factor that may restrict population growth regardless of the current population Natural disasters Drought Density dependent factors A factor that depends upon the current population Competition Predation Disease (crowding of individuals)
34
Estimates of carrying capacity Habitable land Limiting factors (food, water, etc) Ecological footprint
35
Interspecific interactions Interspecific competition (-/-) Herbivory (+/-) Predation (+/-) Cryptic coloration (camouflage) Aposematic coloration (warning coloration) Batesian mimicry – a palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful one Mullerian mimicry – 2 unpalatable or harmful species resemble each other
36
Parasitism (+/-) Commensalism (+/o) Mutualism (+/+) Facilitation (+/+) (+/o)
38
Dominant species The most abundant or that collectively have the highest biomass in the area. Hypothesis is they are competitively superior Hypothesis they resist avoiding predation
39
Keystone species Not abundant in a community Exert a strong control in a community not because of #, but because of their ecological roles
40
Sea otter Sea otters feed on sea urchins Sea urchins feed on kelp Orcas now prey on sea otters (usual prey has declined)
42
Sea star Muscles Species diversity
44
Primary succession – first organisms to colonize an area
45
Secondary Succession
47
Law of conservation of mass Mass is conserved – we can determine how much of a chemical element cycles within an ecosystem or is gained or lost by the ecosystem over time
48
Gross primary production – amount of light converted into chemical energy Net primary production – GPP – energy used by primary producers NPP = GPP – R a
53
WaterCarbonNitrogenPhosphorus Biological importance Essential to all organisms, Makes Organic compounds Amino acids, nucleic acids Nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP Forms available to life LiquidPhotosynthetic organisms convert Plants can assimilate Plants absorb Reservoirs1% available for consumption Fossil fuels, soil, sediment Atmosphere 80% Sedimentary rock, marine origin Key processes Evaporation via solar energy, condensation into clouds, precipitation PhotosynthesisNitrogen fixation – conversion of N2 into forms that can be used by others Weathering rock, some leaches into soil – taken up by consumers
60
3 levels of biodiversity 1. Genetic diversity 2. Species diversity 3. Ecosystem diversity
61
Genetic variation within a population AND Genetic variation between populations
62
Endangered Threatened
63
Local extinction of one organism can have a negative impact because of all the interactions between organisms within an ecosystem
64
Habitat loss Introduced species (non-native) Overharvesting (wild organisms) Global change
65
Fragmentation and edges Movement corridors Preserving biodiversity hot spots
66
Nutrient enrichment
67
Toxins in environment Biological magnification DDT
68
Greenhouse and climate
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.