1. Upgrade plans for ATLAS

2. Nigel Hessey (Nikhef) is overall ATLAS upgrade coordinator.

3. Important: there are 2 phases of ATLAS upgrades Phase 1: Modest: Not before winter 2014-2015 Phase 2: LHC  sLHC: Not before 2019 Even before phase 1 there is still work to do to commission the current detector! In particular trigger/DAQ of the current muon system: we do not know the rates. Next year: expect L~10 31 – 10 32 cm -2 s -1 : far away from 10 34 !

4. Phase 1

5. Insertable B-layer: leave current pixel detector intact remove beam pipe install new smaller diameter beam pipe equipped with one additional layer of pixel sensors Nikhef interest: cooling (CO 2 evaporative cooling) front end chip FE-I4 studies of trigger/DAQ improvements (stave design) To be completed in one long LHC winter shutdown (Keep b-tagging capabilities when pixel b-layer has sustained radiation damage)

7. Choice: CO 2 or C 3 F 8 / C 2 F 6 CO 2 advantage: less material colder, uniform no compressor Also interested in stave design (see later)

9. The sub-projects within the Nikhef CO 2 project: 1.Warm Cooler: Build a room temperature CO2 cooler for R&D at Nikhef 2. Cold Cooler: Build small scale O(1kW) cooling plant for temperatures between -50C to +20C. To be used as research plant (measure heat transfer/ cooling power / temperature gradients etc) and to investigate possible improvements of 2PACL concept as developed for the VELO Thermal control system 3. IBL Proto-type(s): Nikhef can build two O(1kW) cooling machine proto-types for IBL subject to funding. If agreed by all parties, it is expected that a working plant can be delivered to CERN in April-May 2010. 4. Test-setup: Build a test bench to measure properties of CO2 in micro channels at sub-zero temperatures. Components that are foreseen to be used in ATLAS can be evaluated. Considerable synergy LHCb-ATLAS Successful VELO cooling system gives Nikhef a big edge

13. Future of CO 2 cooling activities at Nikhef: Construct mobile/exportable CO 2 plant: spring 2010? Design IBL cooling pipework inside ATLAS Build prototype IBL cooling plant ATLAS makes IBL cooling choice end 2010 If CO 2 cooling chosen for IBL and operation successful: Also option for full phase 2 ATLAS inner detector cooling. Totally new scale: O(100 kW) Cooperate with CERN cooling group

16. Phase 2

17. Nikhef ATLAS group is performing R&D to be in optimal position when technical choices are made around 2013. These are focused on replacement of full ATLAS inner detector in 2019. (+ likely: trigger/DAQ activities) (Phase 2: high luminosity, high backgrounds, severe radiation environment, many events/bunch crossing, high occupancies….)

18. No concrete Nikhef upgrade activity yet. Are studying current counting rates. Do not intend to build new chambers, Future activity in trigger/DAQ

19. No concrete Nikhef activity. Significant Nikhef interest. Replacement of full current Inner Detector

20. Nikhef/ATLAS activities related to phase 2 upgrade: 3 running R&D projects: Pixel stave design Endcap strip detector design Gossip Likely future activities: Trigger/DAQ improvements for sLHC Possible future activities: Evolution pixel chip for sLHC environment With the eventual aim to assemble a significant part of a new ATLAS inner detector at Nikhef (for example: an endcap)

21. Gossip is an application of GridPix technology Under development in Nikhef R&D group Goes beyond ATLAS: also ILD, DARWIN, … Gossip may be applicable in b-layer or layers further out (transition radiation, track trigger) ATLAS has not made choice of sensor technology yet: planar Si, 3D Si, diamond, Gossip Gossip should be considered an outsider at this moment. Thin gas volume above micromegas grid, pixel readout. Advantages: low mass, cheap, radiation hard, low cooling req. To be proven: resolution, rate capabilities, ageing, production technology, long term HV control Harry v.d. Graaf, R&D group

22. Pixel staves: layout and engineering, for now independent of sensor technology Goal: build prototype staves following ATLAS pixel layer requirements but aiming at significant reduction in mass with respect to current support. Design cooling connections from pipe to the chip/sensor where the power is dissipated. (Also useful for IBL) 3 year R&D plan. Deliverables: - stave with cooling for test measurements (dummy power load and many T-sensors) - stave with dimensions and specs following ATLAS requirements - stave to support GOSSIP modules Engineering department 2 x 0.5 FTE/year1.0 FTE Mechanical Workshop 2 x 0.5 FTE/year 1.0 FTE Electronic Engineering 0.5 FTE (last year)0.5 FTE R&D project is running; manpower asked for: Els Koffeman

23. Endcap strips: layout and engineering, for now independent of sensor technology Anticipate Nikhef will make a significant contribution to the new inner tracker, especially in the end-cap strips section. This is much bigger than the previous end-cap, because silicon strips will replace the previous TRT technology at outer regions. 3-year work plan for R&D. Milestones: Carbon Fiber Petal manufactured with cooling – March 2010 Conceptual design of circumferential staves, with FEA calculations of mechanical and cooling behaviour – March 2010 Cooling performance of petal measured and compared to FEA – July 2010 Document results of tests on pipematerials and connectors as input to choosing a baseline for ATLAS – October 2010 Decide if high-temperature cure bonding of petals is possible and evaluate material saving – December 2010 Assemble a petal for use by collaboration as basis or the “Petal2010” prototype – February 2011 2.5 FTE manpower, Nigel Hessey

24. We are also interested in contributing to trigger/DAQ upgrades. Need to see behaviour of current system before concrete upgrade proposals. Maybe LVL1 track trigger, improvements to LVL1 muon trigger. Furthermore: data flow architectures, modeling, trigger strategy, high level trigger (Jos Vermeulen, Olga Igonkina)

25. Conclusions: Phase 1: ideas defined: CO 2 cooling, chip development trigger/DAQ: have to see behaviour current system Phase 2: not before 2019 We request resources to perform R&D to be in optimal position when ATLAS starts making technical choices in 2013. R&D projects have been defined and are running. After that we intend to be contributing to building part of an ID replacement - no plans for large Si sensor module assembly - if Gossip part of ATLAS upgrade: local production or industry - interested in assembly of a significant part of a new inner detector Considering activities in trigger/DAQ and chip development. Building new muon chambers at Nikhef unlikely.