1. Section 9.2 Notes/9.3 Notes: Impact of Science & Triumph of Reason

2. Warm-Up: Good or Evil?  Are most people of today basically good and can be trusted to be kind and respectful to fellow humans, even if there are no police around or teachers? Or ….  Do you believe most people would be up to lots of bad behaviors if they had no police or teachers around?  How would YOU personally act without teachers here or law enforcement out in society? Would you be afraid?

3. Overview  If systematic laws could explain the workings of nature and the universe, political, economic, and social relationships could be understood through reasoned analysis, too.  Political philosophers believed in the idea of natural law, or a universal moral law that, like physical laws, could be understood by applying reason.

4. Hobbes and Locke  Two English philosophers, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, debated over their ideas of natural law and government in the 1600s.  England was torn between 2 types of people:  Those who wanted the king to have absolute power.  Those who thought the people should have the right to govern themselves.

5. Thomas Hobbes  Thought that absolute monarchy was the best form of government.  Violence and disorder comes naturally to human beings and without an absolute ruler, chaos would occur.  People are born with rights that they relinquish to the monarch in return for protection.  This is known as social contract.  Believed that people were wicked, selfish, and cruel and would act on behalf of their best interests. “Every man for every man”.  People do not have the right to rebel against their government.

6. John Locke  Believed that people have natural rights, or rights belonging to all humans from birth.  These included life, liberty, and property.  People could be trusted to govern themselves. Locke believed that if provided with the right information would make good decisions.  The purpose of the government is to protect individual liberties and rights.  The people had the right to revolt against an abusive government.  Thomas Jefferson was heavily influenced by Locke.  Declaration of Independence

9. Hobbes v Locke: Which view would you support?  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Njtn1iukmQI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Njtn1iukmQI

10. The Enlightenment: Terms to Know  THE ENLIGHTENMENT: a European intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.  NATURAL LAW: a universal truth or principle that 17th century thinkers believed could be found though reason.  NATURAL RIGHTS: rights belonging to all persons from birth.  PACIFISM: opposition to war or violence as a way to settle disputes.  DEISM:new religious philosophy of the 1700s based on reason and the idea of natural law.

11. Hugo Grotius  Dutchman who called for an international code based on natural law.  One body of ruler(s) could reduce dealings of government(s) to a system of reason and order.  Proposes trial by jury.

12. Baron de Montesquieu  Strongly believed in the rights of individuals.  Government powers should be separated.  Power should be equally divided among the branches of gov:  Legislative Branch: Makes the laws.  Executive Branch: Enforces the laws.  Judicial Branch: Interprets the laws and judges when they are violated.  His work influenced the writing of the constitution in many countries, including the United States.

13. Voltaire  As a deist, he mocked the Church and admired the English ideal of religious liberty and its relative freedom of press.  Wrote books promoting Bacon’s philosophy and Newton’s science.  Admired the English ideal of religious liberty and its freedom of the press.  “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."

14. William Penn  Founded the Quaker colony in Pennsylvania.  He believed in pacifism, or opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes.  He advocated an assembly of nations committed to world peace. This idea led to today’s United Nations.

15. Wrap-Up: Create Your Own Social Contract In your groups:  #1: Create a list of 3 rights you want in this class.  #2: THEN create a list of 3 rules YOUR ENTIRE CLASS would have to obey in order to earn that right.  #3: Predict whether or not your class would actually be able to follow your own rules and earn the rights demanded.  #4: Choose someone to present these rights to Queen Ciocco and King Haldeman!

16. Wrap-Up  On a piece of paper, match the scientist to their great discovery.  This will be a great way to quickly study the important scientists of the Scientific Revolution and their contributions to the world.  Example:  Ben Franklin: Discovers Electricity  Isaac Newton: Gravity on Earth

17. VLA’s Top 10 Dumbest Inventions Ever https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgSfTNQh1yU 20 Inventions We Shouldn’t Live Without https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJ05s4W8jPk Weird Science https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm-upHSP9KU