1. What were some factors that lead to the Civil War (Long Term)? Vast differences growing between the North and the South. Industry vs. Agriculture Reform Movements in the North. (society was changing) KING COTTON in the South.

2. Westward Expansion

3. Continental exploration and expansion increased greatly between 1800-1850.

4. Reasons for Expansion Trade Religion Riches (fortune and glory) Railroad building Farm land (cotton) Land ownership National pride and power

5. Methods of Expansion Diplomacy (treaties)Purchase Annexing (adding on) War

6. The idea became popular that it was the American mission to include all land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in the United States. This idea became known as Manifest Destiny, meaning our “obvious or undeniable fate”.

7. Manifest Destiny

8. California Gold Rush (population increases from 14,000 in 1848 to 200,000 by 1852) California statehood=1848

9. Annexation of Texas After winning independence from Mexico in 1836, Texans voted to be annexed (added to) by the United States Southerners supported, but Northerners were against (slavery) Congress approved the annexation in 1845, but… U.S. and Mexico disagreed over the border (Rio Grande River Vs. Nueces River, which was further north)

10. At the same time, the U.S. offers Mexico $30 million for New Mexico and California-Mexico refuses offer. President Polk sends troops to establish the Rio Grande as the U.S.-Mexican boarder. He also sends troops to California. Result: The Mexican War

11. Results of the Mexican War The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 Rio Grande is established as the U.S.—Mexican border U.S. acquires California and New Mexico Debate over slavery intensifies

12. Gadsden Purchase 1853 U.S. pays Mexico $10 million for what is now Southern New Mexico and Arizona Land eventually provided a route for the southern transcontinental railroad

13. The Wilmot Proviso (1846) Rep. David Wilmot (PA) was afraid of the southern “slavocracy”. Amendment stated that slavery would never exist in land taken from Mexico. Never became law, but showed issues that were coming… Santa Anna’s revenge…

14. The Oregon Question settled in 1846 Presidents since Monroe had argued to extend the 49 th parallel to the Pacific Ocean as a boundary American settlers argued for the boundary to be further north (in present day Vancouver) and to include Vancouver Harbor

15. Their slogan was “fifty-four Forty or fight” as a reference to the fifty-four forty parallel U.S. and Great Britain, neither looking for a fight, agree on the 49 th parallel

16. Current Events in 1853 Wilmot Proviso proposed-intended to prevent the introduction of slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico—voted down Brigham Young leads the Mormons to Utah for religious freedom Utah becomes a state in 1896

17. The U.S. government continues to “herd” the Native Americans on to reservations