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Force Unit Part 1: The Laws of Motion
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Objectives Describe in your own words, the first law of motion and give real world examples Apply the first law of motion to important applications, such as seat belt safety Calculate force, mass, and acceleration by using Newton’s second law
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Force Every motion you observe or experience is related to a force Sir Isaac Newton described the relationship between motion and force in 3 laws We refer to these laws as Newton’s Laws of Motion
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Newton’s First Law Also known as the law of inertia States that an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion maintains its velocity unless it is acted upon by an external force In other words, matter resists any change in motion
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Inertia An object’s tendency to maintain its state of motion It is related to an object’s mass Mass is a measure of inertia An object with a small mass has less inertia than an object with a large mass It is easier to change the motion of a small object than a large object Example: Baseball vs. Bowling Ball
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Inertia Continued Is the reason why you slide toward the side of a car when a driver makes a sharp turn Is why it is impossible for a plane, car, semitruck, or bicycle to stop instantaneously Seatbelts and car seats help to counteract the results of inertia
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Newton’s Second Law Describes the effect of an unbalanced force on the motion of an object It states that the unbalanced force acting on a object equals the object’s mass times its acceleration Mathematically: Force = mass x acceleration Force = mass x acceleration F = ma F = ma
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Force Related to Acceleration A small force on an object equals a small acceleration A large force on an object equals a large acceleration
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Consider This What will be the truck’s stopping distance if it is going twice as fast?
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The Measure of Force Is done in Newtons Newton A Newton is the force that can give a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m/s 2 1 N = 1 kg x 1 m/s 2 1 pound = 4.448 N
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Practice Problems What is the net force necessary for a 1.6 x 10 3 kg automobile to accelerate forward at 2.0 m/s 2 ?
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Practice Problems A baseball accelerates downward at 9.8 m/s 2. If the gravitational force is the only force acting on the baseball and is 1.4 N, what is the baseball's mass?
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Practice Problems A sailboat and its crew have a combined mass of 655 kg. Ignoring frictional forces, if the sailboat experiences a net force of 895 N pushing it forward, what is the sailboat’s acceleration?
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