1. Review!! TAKE OUT YOUR AFTERMATH OF WAR PACKET and turn to the LAST SECTION!! Who was Vladimir Lenin? What economic philosopher did he follow? How did he adapt these economic ideas to the Russian population?

2. More Review What was Lenin’s NEP? and describe one of its principles to the person next to you! How did Lenin and the Communists make sure everyone followed their policies, how did they silence the opposition?

3. Global II The Rise of Totalitarian States Ch 30, Sec 2 The Soviet Union under Stalin Pg. 673 - 678

4. Objectives 14.1Explain what Stalin’s goals for the USSR were and how he achieved them 14.2Describe what a totalitarian state is like 14.3Discuss what the human costs of Stalin’s policies were

5. Lesson Launch Discuss the following with a partner: How do the people in these pictures look? What do you think these posters are used for?

6. Russia’s makeup Many different ethnic groups Communists understood this Created the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R. or Soviet Union) A collection of 15 Republics One central government – Moscow’s Kremlin

7. Stalin’s Rise to Power Lenin’s death leaves Trotsky & Stalin 1927 Stalin is in power Exiled Trotsky to Siberia Stalin becomes dictator Totalitarian State Command Economy Government officials make all basic economic decisions Known as Man of Steel

8. Review TAKE OUT YOUR TOTALITARIAN STATE PACKET!!! Ask the person next to you to describe two aspects of a totalitarian state (USE THE COVER!!) and give an example of each!!

9. Totalitarian States Government is a single-party dictatorship that controls every aspect of the lives of its citizens Cult of Personality/State No individual rights except as member of the state The people persuaded human rights can be ignored out of “need” NATIONALISM Critics silenced and obey = Secret Police! Anti-democratic & glorifies use of force Governmental control of Mass Media: newspapers, radio, all communication & art (today Internet!) Propaganda Militaristic

10. Propaganda What does this poster promote about life for a musician under Capitalism & Communism? CapitalismCommunism

11. Propaganda Posters

12. Stalin’s Policies (1927 – 1953) Industrialization Focus on heavy industry Steel mills Power stations Mining Oil refineries Mass industrialization means a lack of consumer goods = poor standard of living! Collectivization “Socialism to countryside” State-owned farms operated by large groups of peasants Meant to food supply Free up more workers for Industry Kulak farmers (large landowners) burned crops in resistance Many peasants resisted Massive famines resulted Millions died The Five Year Plans Goal: rapid industrialization

13. Revelations from the Russian Archives UKRAINIAN FAMINE The dreadful famine that engulfed Ukraine, the northern Caucasus, and the lower Volga River area in 1932-1933 was the result of Joseph Stalin's policy of forced collectivization. The heaviest losses occurred in Ukraine, which had been the most productive agricultural area of the Soviet Union. Stalin was determined to crush all vestiges of Ukrainian nationalism. Thus, the famine was accompanied by a devastating purge of the Ukrainian intelligentsia and the Ukrainian Communist party itself. The famine broke the peasants' will to resist collectivization and left Ukraine politically, socially, and psychologically traumatized. The policy of all-out collectivization instituted by Stalin in 1929 to finance industrialization had a disastrous effect on agricultural productivity. Nevertheless, in 1932 Stalin raised Ukraine's grain procurement quotas by forty-four percent. This meant that there would not be enough grain to feed the peasants, since Soviet law required that no grain from a collective farm could be given to the members of the farm until the government's quota was met. Stalin's decision and the methods used to implement it condemned millions of peasants to death by starvation. Party officials, with the aid of regular troops and secret police units, waged a merciless war of attrition against peasants who refused to give up their grain. Even indispensable seed grain was forcibly confiscated from peasant households. Any man, woman, or child caught taking even a handful of grain from a collective farm could be, and often was, executed or deported. Those who did not appear to be starving were often suspected of hoarding grain. Peasants were prevented from leaving their villages by the NKVD and a system of internal passports. The death toll from the 1932-33 famine in Ukraine has been estimated between six million and seven million. According to a Soviet author, "Before they died, people often lost their senses and ceased to be human beings." Yet one of Stalin's lieutenants in Ukraine stated in 1933 that the famine was a great success. It showed the peasants "who is the master here. It cost millions of lives, but the collective farm system is here to stay."..

14. Stalin’s Policies (1927 – 1953) Used Propaganda – the deliberate spreading of ideas to influence people Massive oppression Cheka – Soviet Secret Police (first set up by Lenin) Journalists & Writers must be pro-Stalin Great Purge – 1937 – @1940 Millions of workers executed + arrested Extreme gov’t persecution Many high ranking Soviet officials persecuted (Generals too!) Standard of living extremely low for average soviet/Russian Gulags: Siberian labor/prison camps with 20% annual death rate Life Under Stalin

15. Objectives What were Stalin’s goals for the USSR and how did he achieve them? What is a totalitarian state like? What were some of the human costs of Stalin’s policies?

16. Homework Joseph Stalin (5 Yr. Plans)

17. Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin died. Like Lenin, Stalin used a secret police that purged and persecuted political opponents and further established the USSR as a totalitarian dictatorship where human rights were continually violated. His economic policy was Communist where the gov’t owned and commanded the economy. The 5 Year Plans worked toward rapidly industrializing the Soviet Union while focusing on heavy machinery. His plan also called for Collectivization of peasants on massive communal farms. Peasant unrest & opposition to lands taken from the Kulaks made Collectivization a failure and millions of peasants faced famines, especially in the Ukraine. The 5 Year Plans were a success in that the Soviet Union quickly became a powerful military state, but millions died. Joseph Stalin died in 1953 Joseph Stalin Summary

18. The Five Year Plans Plans for IndustryCollectivized Agriculture GOAL:____________________________GOAL:_____________________________ Life Under Stalin