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Published byMagnus O’Neal’ Modified over 8 years ago
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What is respiration? Oxygen Carbon dioxide
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Our cells need oxygen for cellular respiration. How is respiration connected to “cellular respiration?”
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Cellular Respiration Glucose is broken down into ATP. Inside A Cell
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5 All Living Things…. Need Energy to survive. – Energy allows you to do work and run chemical reactions.
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Why do cells need energy? -to grow -to bring substances into / out of the cell active transport endocytosis exocytosis -to move -to reproduce -to respond to stimuli
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Glucose: source of energy for all organisms -energy released when glucose broken down Where does glucose come from? -It’s made by autotrophs during photosynthesis. examples: plants, algae, some bacteria
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Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) -main source of chemical energy for all organisms -energy stored in bonds that hold the atoms together -LOTS of energy in glucose -if all the energy in glucose was released at once, the cell would be destroyed -energy is packaged into ATP, as the glucose is taken slowly apart, carbon by carbon
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Overview of Cellular Respiration cytoplasm
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What happens: C 6 H 12 O 6 2 Pyruvic Acid + 2ATP, (and NADH) Where it happens: -in the cytoplasm of cell -without oxygen present (anaerobic) Glycolysis = breaking of glucose Glyco = glucose Lysis = break Step 1
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http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/glycolysis_overview/movie-flash.htm http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/glycolysis_reactions/movie-flash.htm
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One molecule of glucose holds A LOT of energy. Is 2 ATP all that you get from breaking the bonds in glucose? NO!! There’s more energy stored in pyruvic acid. How can you get more energy out? Break more bonds!!
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The Next Step If Oxygen Is Present (aerobic) Kreb’s Cycle If Oxygen Is Absent (anaerobic) Fermentation
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Fermentation: breakdown of pyruvic acid Where it happens: in the cytoplasm of cells When it happens: when no oxygen present (anaerobic) Alcoholic Fermentation: -occurs in yeast and few other organisms Equation: Pyruvic acid + NADH CO 2 + ethanol + NAD +
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Uses For Fermentation Baking bread -alcohol produced evaporates -CO 2 bubbles causes bread to “rise” Alcoholic Beverages
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Lactic Acid Fermentation: -occurs in muscles, some bacteria Equation: Pyruvic acid + NADH Lactic acid + NAD +
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Uses of Lactic Acid Fermentation: cheese yogurt buttermilk sour cream pickles sauerkraut kimchi
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No Energy Production in Fermentation Fermentation does not produce any ATP So why do fermentation if it doesn’t produce ATP? -It restores NAD + so glycolysis can continue
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Fermentation Restores NAD+
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Overview of Cellular Respiration cytoplasm
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Krebs Cycle Electron Transport
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Krebs Cycle: - break down of pyruvic acid Where: takes place inside mitochondria (matrix) When: If oxygen is present (aerobic) What happens: -carbons are removed from pyruvic acid one at a time and released as CO 2 -2ATP and many NADH, FADH 2 are produced from the Kreb’s Cycle.
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Krebs Cycle -CO 2 -ATP - NADH - FADH 2 Products of the Krebs Cycle
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Next Step: Electron Transport Where: Inner membrane of the mitochondria What: -NADH and FADH 2 have their high energy electrons converted into ATP -O 2 is used up
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cytoplasm
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Electron Transport Chain Products of electron transport chain: -NAD+ and FAD -34 ATP
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Chemiosmosis (Oxidative Phosphorylation) ATP synthetase ATP is made by ATP synthetase using energy from H+ flowing from high to low concentration (AKA proton motive force).
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cytoplasm
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Energy production from (Aerobic) Cell Respiration Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb’s Cycle 2 ATP Electron Transport 34 ATP TOTAL 38 ATP per glucose
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Equation for Cell Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 38 ATP into out of out of Electron Kreb’s Electron Transport Cycle Transport into Glycolysis
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RespirationPhotosynthesis ReactantsGlucose, O 2 CO 2, H 2 O ProductsCO 2, H 2 OGlucose, O 2 Energyreleasedstored Energy Starts As:GlucoseSunlight Energy Ends As:ATPGlucose OrganelleMitochondriaChloroplast SummaryBreaks glucoseMakes glucose Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration
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