1. Chapter 2 Section 4 Cells and Energy

2. Cellular Respiration Is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy from food molecules into a usable form called ATP. Occurs in 2 places in the cell ◦ Cytoplasm ◦ Mitochondria

3. Reactions in the Cytoplasm 1 st step- In the Cytoplasm Called Glycolysis lysis- means to break down some ATP molecules are made

4. Reactions in the Mitochondria 2 nd Step- In the Mitochondria Requires oxygen Large amounts of ATP are produced By products are Water and Carbon dioxide

5. Fermentation Sometimes your body does not have Oxygen available to it Your body can’t use cellular respiration so it uses Fermentation ◦ Does not need Oxygen ◦ Makes less ATP ◦ Occurs in the cell’s cytoplasm

6. Fermentation cont. 2 types of Fermentation Lactic Acid  Occurs in muscle cells  Some bacteria or fungi use it to make cheese, yogurt, and sour cream  Glucose is converted to lactic acid and ATP Alcohol  Some bacteria and yeast make ATP this way  Glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide

7. Fermentation

8. Photosynthesis Occurs in plant cells and algae Requires chlorophyll- a green pigment Occurs in the chloroplast Requires energy from the sun

9. Carbon cycle