1. LIMBIC PATHWAYS & EMOTION

2. OBJECTIVES Draw the amygdaloid pathways Describe the emotional significance of the amygdaloid pathways  Discuss how PTSD is related Describe the pleasure and reward system  Discuss issues with the reward system: addiction and depression Examine the importance of emotional considerations in PT

3. AMYGDALA Fear and disgust

4. AMYGDALOID CONNECTIONS: SUBCORTEX Two major pathways identified connecting Amygdala to subcortical regions: Autonomic Visceral responses to fear and anxiety:  Amygdalofugal pathway  Amygdala -> thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem regions Behavioral and Psychological responses to fear and anxiety:  Stria Terminalis  Amygdala -> Stria Terminalis (epithalamus), hypothalamus, septal nuclei

5. AMYGDALOID CONNECTIONS: CORTEX Amygdalocortical and Corticoamygdaloid Amygdala Cingulate Gyrus Insula Temporal Lobe Parahippocampal Gyrus PFC

6. HIGHER COGNITIVE FUNCTION LOOPS

7. PLEASURE AND REWARD SYSTEM http://sccpsy101.com/tag/nucleus-accumbens/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULwv1RcfEqM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukFjH9odsXw

8. DISCUSSION TASK After watching the last video (outside of class), come up with a meaningful question related to physical therapy and emotional considerations. Find the answer through basic research (use research journals only if necessary). Post your question and answer on the Blackboard discussion board. (Part of participation grade) Information from the video and your questions and answers will not be on the quiz.

9. A PATIENT WITH HIPPOCAMPAL DAMAGE WOULD MOST LIKELY HAVE… A.severe anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia pre-incident B.mild anterograde amnesia and severe retrograde amnesia C.retrograde amnesia only D.anterograde amnesia only :30

10. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE CONCERNING THE REWARD SYSTEM? A.It involves the anterior nucleus of the thalamus B.Addiction is a result of an unbalanced reward system C.The nucleus accumbens, when stimulated, causes discomfort :30

11. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES WOULD BE MOST CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH PTSD? A.Nucleus accumbens B.Primary motor cortex C.Inferior colliculi D.Amygdala E.Caudate nucleus :30

12. PRESENTATIONS

13. LITERATURE REVIEWS Time for feedback Split time evenly for each paper to review