1. HOW TO MAKE MORE STRIKES IN BOWLING Solution: polyurethane coverstock replaces polyester coverstocks

2. SOLUTION: POLYURETHANE COVERSTOCK ON BOWLING BALLS First introduced in the 1980’s by AMF (American Machine and Foundry) ‘Angle’ was the first urethane bowling ball approved by the American Bowling Congress (Jowdy)

3. PROBLEM: HOW TO MAKE MORE STRIKES Using a bowling ball with a plastic or polyester cover results in fewer strikes With the polyester balls there is not enough friction between the ball and the lane so the ball skids too close to the pins or cannot make a large enough hook.

4. SOLUTION: HOW IT WORKS The polyurethane is softer than polyester This increases the friction between the ball and bowling lane Increased friction = increased adhesion between the polyurethane and the bowling lane = increased hook potential A hook increases the chance of a strike because the ball hits the pins at an angle A hook occurs when the ball does not roll straight but instead ´hooks´ to the left or right.

5. WHY IS A HOOK IMPORTANT? “Bowlers who create an entry angle close to 90 degrees (meaning the ball enters the pocket perpendicular to the 1 and 3 pins for righties or 1 and 2 pins for lefties) throw a lot more strikes than bowlers who don't. “ (Goodger) entry angle

6. EVIDENCE & EFFECTIVENSS Comparing the blue and green lines shows that the urethane coated ball will cross more lanes that a polyester ball This increases the chance of having the ball hook into the pins at a 90 o angle

7. EVIDENCE & EFFECTIVENESS Comparing the blue and brown lines shows that the urethane coated ball will hook at a higher angle into the pins than the polyester/plastic ball (Cotter, 2008)

8. EVIDENCE & EFFECTIVENESS The higher the number the higher the hook potential of the ball Plastic coverstock bowling balls score between 0 and 75 Polyurethane coverstock bowling balls score above 75 (The Perfect Scale)

9. INTERACTION: ECONOMICS AND AN AVERAGE BOWLER, PENNY My name is Penny and I enjoy bowling. My boyfriend asked me to play with his bowling team – we are called The Wesley Crushers. We play mostly for fun but also we like to beat anyone we play against.

10. INTERACTION: ECONOMICS AND AN AVERAGE BOWLER, PENNY I purchased a plastic bowling ball because it was cheaper than the other bowling balls: Plastic bowling balls range from $20 to $50 (Goodger, J. and R. Carruba) Most urethane bowling balls start at $100 (How Much Does a Bowling Ball Cost) Since I work at the cheesecake Factory as a waitress and earn only $22,000 per year I cannot afford a more expensive bowling ball. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)

11. INTERACTION: ECONOMICS AND AN AVERAGE BOWLER, PENNY This is frustrating for me because: – I really like to win and with the plastic ball I cannot make as many strikes because the ball does not spin as well as a Urethane bowling ball. – Also, I noticed last week that my ball is starting to crack because it is not as durable as a urethane bowling ball – I am a forceful bowler and my poor plastic bowling ball hit the wooden floor hard when I bowled. (San Diego plastics, Inc.)

12. INTERACTION: ECONOMICS I know that for beginners and people without a lot of money, plastic bowling balls are more appropriate. However, I am now more experienced so as soon as I get more money I am going to purchase a urethane bowling balls provide durability with long lasting life.

13. For the solution: I used both the web and Bilder (images) pages Technological advances in bowling History of polyurethane bowlingballs Advantages of polyurethane bowlingballs Physics of polyurethane bowling balls What is a hook in bowling how many more strikes using a urethane bowling ball NPS score and bowling balls WHAT I GOOGLED: WITH EACH WEB SITE I FOUND ADDITIONAL WORDS TO USE IN MY SEARCHES For the problem: Disadvantages of polyurethane bowlingballs

14. For the Interaction I looked up regulations of bowling balls and coverstocks – not much help Each top bowling ball company and where their bowling balls are manufactured – interesting but again not much help Average cost of plastic and polyester bowling balls Durometer of plastic and polyester bowling balls WHAT I GOOGLED: WITH EACH WEB SITE I FOUND ADDITIONAL WORDS TO USE IN MY SEARCHES

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