1. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 “In an industrial society which confuses work and productivity, the necessity of producing has always been an enemy of the desire to create.” - Raoul Vaneigem If you have 3 quarters, 4 dimes, and 4 pennies, you have $1.19. You also have the largest amount of money in coins without being able to make change for a dollar.

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3. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Main Idea In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries. A New Kind of Revolution

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5. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 What Was the Industrial Revolution? Occurred in the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries. The major countries involved were Britain, America, Germany, France, and later Japan. It created a major shift of technological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions in the countries that industrialized.

6. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 What Does Industrialized Mean? Occurs when countries’ economies shift from being based mainly on agriculture to manufacturing. Industrializing is also accompanied with a dramatic social, political, and philosophical change. There must be certain conditions present in order for industrialization to occur, a country must have: –the land/natural resources to accommodate manufacturing –a labor force –capital –supportive government with a stable economy

7. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution. Exploration and colonialism Seapower Political stability Government support Growth of private investment Land, Labor, and Capital Factors for Success Research and development on farms Jethro Tull, seed drill Improved livestock breeding Better varieties of food crops –Increased food supply –Population grew Enclosure movement Agricultural Factors A Revolution in Great Britain

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10. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Textile Industry Beginning of Industrial Revolution Weaving was a cottage industry Labor performed at home Industrialization transformed this Fabric made of wool or cotton Supply of fibers increased in the 1700s Slave labor in America – Slavery will eventually come to an end in most of the British Empire due to the efforts of William Wilberforce – Slavery Abolition Act, 1833 Invention of cotton gin, spinning jenny, flying shuttle New Way of Making Cloth Cottages too small Factory invented Power for factories? Water frame for water power Output increased 8x by 1770 Cloth-making in Factories A Revolution in Textiles

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12. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Spinning Jenny Cotton Gin

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14. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel Wood scarce Coal mining industry Changing landscapes Dangers of mining Coal for Steam Engines First successful steam engine in 1712 Innovations by James Watt Steam power versus water power Steam locomotives Steamships - Robert Fulton Development of Steam Engine Steam Powers the Revolution

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16. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry? Political liberty Freedom to compete Rewards reaped Exploitation and improvements Why Western Countries? British Restrictions; Hamilton, 1791: Samuel Slater -Water frame; Slater’s Mill Lowell’s Mill Belgium -1807; France – 1815; Germany - 1850 America / Europe Japan first in 1868 - Meiji government The 1900s — industrialization for: China, India, Russia Asia Industrialization Spreads

17. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Main Idea The transition from cottage industries changed how people worked in factories, what life was like in factory towns, labor conditions, and, eventually, processes within factories. Factories and Workers

18. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Raw materials delivered Work done to completion Merchant takes product to market Workers controlled schedules, quality Family life revolved around business Work in the Home Production before Factories Destruction of equipment Time to learn skills Physical strength required Factory owners took advantage of drawbacks Problems for Cottage Industries

19. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Factories Major change from cottage industry Had to leave home to work Hardships for some workers Life in factory towns Towns grew up around factories Towns, factories rose near coal mines Sanitation poor in many factory towns Working in a factory or mine Dangerous work for all – in factories and mines: working with dangerous heavy machinery Long workdays – in textile mills - 10-14 hour workday Poor factory conditions common – in textile mills: unventilated rooms causing pneumonia and TB; in mines: Lung diseases from breathing in coal dust Factories and Factory Towns

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21. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Labor Conditions: Factories Despite long hours, factory workers earned very little money. Women usually earned only half of what men made. Child labor was paid the least. Due to limited opportunities for education, children were expected to work. Employers could pay children less despite the fact that they did the same work as adults. Before Child Labor laws were passed, many were forced to work in terrible conditions for lower pay.

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23. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Workers in a New Economy Wealthy to invest in, own factories Mid-level to run factories Low-level to run machines Changing Labor Conditions No government regulation Labor unions organized Strikes brought change - 1870s: Parliament legalizes workers strikes; Child Labor Laws; Public Health Acts. Cottage Workers’ Unrest Handmade goods more expensive than factory made Luddite movement, 1811 Violence spread, 1812 New Class of Workers Growth of middle class Managers, accountants, engineers, mechanics, salesmen Economy increased Huge contrast between the rich upper class and the poor laborers The Factory System and Workers

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25. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 The factory system changed the world of work. In addition, new processes further changed how people worked in factories. Mass production began in U.S. Elements: –Interchangeable parts –Assembly line Production and repair more efficient Production more swift Mass Production Dramatic increase in production Businesses charged less Affordable goods More repetitious jobs - soon became norm Effects Factories and Mass Production

26. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Summarize What was mass production? Answer(s): a system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items

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29. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Main Idea The Industrial Revolution inspired new ideas about economics and affected society in many ways. New Ideas in a New Society

30. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Old mercantile system restricted trade Adam Smith: Laissez-faire economics “let them alone.” (No government intervention in the economy); market economy - Capitalism: economy in which most of the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit. Thomas Malthus, poverty unavoidable Industrialization succeeded and spread Capitalism and Competition Shift in wealth and power Entrepreneur Banking and finance Andrew Carnegie - rags to riches Robber barons New Roles for Business Leaders New Ideas about Economics

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32. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Not everyone agreed that laissez-faire capitalism was good. Two who took a different stance were Robert Owen and Karl Marx. More hopeful than Malthus Socialism –Society owns property –Society controls business Model industrial town New Harmony Social democracy Robert Owen More radical socialism Predicted collapse of capitalism – conflict between classes inevitable Communist Revolution: the have nots would seize power from the haves. With no private property, there would be no classes. Government would fade and communism would be created Communist Government: owns means of production and controls economic planning Karl Marx Competing Economic Views

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35. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 The rise of new economic ideas was among the countless effects of the Industrial Revolution. The shift away from cottage industries also affected home life and the roles of women in society. Worlds of work and home separated “Separate spheres” Business world- without moral controls Women-moral guidance at home Home Life Industry-great power Control of other nations’ economies Industrialization of United States Period of immigration to United States Countries Increase in wealth Standard of living improved Leisure time Changes to many aspects of life: –Art –Politics –Transportation Societies Effects on Society

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37. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Darwinism and Social Darwinism February 12, 1809-April 19 1882. English naturalist. Developed the modern theory of Evolution. On the Origin of Species Darwin’s theory created controversy, it contradicted Creationism and ignored divine influence in the universe

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39. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Social Darwinism Darwin’s theories of natural selection and “survival-of-the-fittest” were applied to social psychology. These theories were, and continue to be, used for justification by those that are in power. (we are the fittest due to our social and economic position, therefore we have the right to be here and do as we please)

40. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Romanticism Occurred in the late 1700s, a movement in which artists would emphasize human emotion and imagination over reason. Romantic artists rejected the ugliness of industrialized society and turned to nature, glorifying its beauty. The struggle for personal freedom and heroic rebellion against society’s established rules are frequent themes in their works.

41. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 William Blake and William Wordsworth

42. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Romanticism

43. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Romanticism

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47. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Romanticism

48. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Eugene Onegin - Polonaise http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/classical/t chaikovsky/audio/tchaikovsky_index.s htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/classical/t chaikovsky/audio/tchaikovsky_index.s html

49. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Realism Occurred in the mid-1800s, and unlike Romantics, Realists sought to portray life in a realistic way. Realist painters and writers wished to portray life as it was, not to escape from it. Writers such as Charles Dickens, Mary Ann Evans (George Elliot), etc. portrayed life as it truly was during industrialization: a wide gap between the lower and upper class.

50. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Realism

51. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Realism

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53. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Impressionism Occurred during the 1870s. Impressionist painters abandoned the rules and styles of painters of the previous painters. The impressionists sought to capture the momentary impression a subject made on their senses. They moved out of their studios and into the real world.

54. The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Impressionism

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