1. Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Donald Allen

2. Role of Autonomic Nervous System Homeostasis Internal Organs Vasculature

3. Autonomic Sensation Stretch/Pressure Pain Temperature Oxygen, pH

4. Mechanoreceptors Pressure Stretch

5. Chemoreceptors Carotid and aortic bodies Medulla Hypothalamus

6. Nociceptors Stretch Ischemia

7. Thermoreceptors Hypothalamus Skin

8. Afferent Pathways Dorsal roots Cranial Nerves (taste and viscera) VII IX X

9. Visceral Control Areas Medulla Pons

10. Visceral Modulatory Areas Hypothalamus Thalamus Limbic System

11. Efferent (Motor) Systems Neurons Neuron SomaticAutonomic

13. Preganglionic Neurotransmitter

14. Neurotransmitters of Postganglionic Neurons Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic Nervous system (most) Sympathetic Nervous system (some blood vessels and sweat glands)

15. Parasympathetic NS Some Sympathetic Fibers muscarine

16. Most Sympathetic Fibers

17. Adrenal Medulla

21. Sympathetic Nervous System Preganglionic Neuron T1-L2

22. Targets ONLY part of Autonomic NS that innervates the extremities

23. Functions of Sympathetic Nervous System Cholinergic Adrenergic

24. Increase HR and contractility Bronchodilation Slow down

25. Sympathetic to head and upper limbs Superior cervical ganglion Middle Cervical Ganglion Stellate ganglion

26. Sympathetic Cervical Ganglia

27. Regulation of body temperature by sympathetic nervous system Increased metabolic rate Decreased blood flow to skin Sweating Erection of hair (piloerection)

28. Parasympathetic Nervous System

29. Parasympathetic Nervous System in the Brainstem Cranial nerve III – Oculomotor nerve –Constrict pupil –Increases convexity of lens – near vision Cranial nerve VII – Facial nerve –Salivary glands Cranial nerve IX – Glossopharyngeal nerve –Salivary glands –Lacrimal glands

30. Cranial nerve X – Vagus nerve –75% of brainstem autonomic efferents –Heart –Lungs –Upper GI tract –Liver

31. Parasympathetic Nervous System in the Sacral Spinal Cord Bowel and Bladder Sexual organs

32. Unique functions Sympathetic –Effectors in limbs, face and body wall –Assist in elevation of upper eyelid (other part is skeletal muscle and somatic motor system) Parasympathetic –Increasing convexity of lens

33. Clinical Correlations Peripheral Nerve Spinal Cord Brainstem Cerebral region - hypothalamus

34. Peripheral Nerve Losses

35. Spinal Cord Bowel and bladder control problems BP regulation Body temperature

36. Brainstem Interfere with control of heart rate, blood pressure, respiration May affect cranial nerve nuclei

37. Cerebral Region - Hypothalamus Disrupts homeostasis (metabolic and behavioral dysfunctions) –Weight –Temperature regulation –Emotional displays