1. PENNSYLVANIA STANDARDS ALIGNED SYSTEM

2.  HISTORICAL CONTEXT IS NEEDED TO COMPREHEND TIME AND SPACE Why is time and space important to the study of history? Learning about the past and its different contexts shaped by social, cultural, and political influences prepares one for participation as active, critical citizens in a democratic society.

3.  WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL’S THOUGHTS OR ACTIONS ARE AFFECTED BY OTHER PEOPLE  EX. peer pressure = conforming in order to gain social acceptance, and avoid social rejection or conflict

4.  THE AFFECT OF THE COMMUNICATION AND INTERACTION PATTERNS OF VARIOUS ETHNIC AND CULTURAL GROUPS  EX. people may change some aspect of their way of life as a result of having come in contact with another group whose ideas or ways are different; moving to another country

5.  RELATING TO THE STRUCTURE OF AFFAIRS OF GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, OR THE STATE  EX. people are influenced to vote on certain measures based on the political party they align themselves with(most Democrats are in favor of new health care measures, most Republicans are opposed to them); government influences what we do

6.  WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS HOLIDAY?  HOW DO YOU CELEBRATE THE JULY 4 TH HOLIDAY?  HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE 4 TH OF JULY CELEBRATIONS? DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE HOW YOU CELEBRATE THE HOLIDAY?  HOW DOES SOMEONE’S CULTURE INFLUENCE HOW THEY CELEBRATE THE 4 TH OF JULY? HOW DOES YOUR CULTURE INFLUENCE YOUR PLANS?  HOW DOES THE GOVERNMENT INFLUENCE JULY 4 TH CELEBRATIONS? DOES THE GOVERNMENT INFLUENCE HOW YOU CELEBRATE ON THE 4 TH ?

7.  LEARNING ABOUT THE PAST AND HOW IT IS INFLUENCED BY OTHERS (SOCIAL), OUR FAMILY BACKGROUNDS (CULTURAL) AND THE GOVERNMENT (POLITICAL) HELPS US TO BECOME BETTER CITIZENS AND PREPARES US TO PARTICIPATE IN SOCIETY

8.  MOST PEOPLE CELEBRATE OUR NATION’S INDEPENDENCE BECAUSE … OTHER PEOPLE DO IT’S IMPORTANT TO THEIR FAMILY THE GOVERNMENT MAKES THEM FEEL OBLIGATED TO  LEARNING ABOUT THE PAST HELPS US EXPLAIN WHY WE DO THE THINGS WE DO TODAY!

9.  ANSWER THE FOLLOWING IN 1-2 PARAGRAPHS ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER… HOW DOES BEING AWARE OF HISTORY ALLOW YOU TO BE AN ACTIVE CITIZEN IN OUR SOCIETY?

10.  HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION INVOLVES AN ANALYSIS OF CAUSE AND RESULT What role do multiple causes play in describing a historic event? We need to remember to evaluate cause-and- result relationships bearing in mind there could be multiple causes

11.  a position from which someone or something is observed; a mental viewpoint or attitude  Ex. Lisa seems to be struggling in Civics this year.

12.  the production of an effect by a cause  Ex. Lisa did not do her homework for the entire 1 st nine weeks. Lisa failed Civics.

13.  YOUR POINT OF VIEW MAY BE DETERMINED BY HOW YOU ANALYZE THE CAUSE AND RESULT RELATIONSHIP.  EX. My point of view is that Lisa is struggling in Civics this year. My point of view is shaped by the fact that Lisa failed Civics for a nine weeks because she didn’t do her homework.

14.  THERE MAY BE MULTIPLE CAUSES FOR LISA FAILING CIVICS OTHER THAN NOT DOING HER HOMEWORK. SUCH AS…  WE NEED TO KEEP IN MIND THAT THERE MAY BE MORE TO A RESULT OTHER THAN WHAT WE BELIEVE CAUSED IT (OUR POINT OF VIEW)

15.  FACT: BASEBALL WAS DESEGREGATED BY BRANCH RICKEY WHEN HE HIRED JACKIE ROBINSON IN 1947.  BASED ON THIS FACT, CREATE A FLOW CHART THAT ILLUSTRATES THE CAUSES THAT LED TO THIS RESULT.

16.  PERSPECTIVE HELPS TO DEFINE THE ATTRIBUTES OF HISTORICAL COMPREHENSION  How is it possible for different people to interpret an event differently?  We need to contrast multiple perspectives of individuals and groups in interpreting other times, cultures and place.

17.  BECAUSE DIFFERENT PEOPLE SEE AND INTERPRET THINGS DIFFERENTLY.  PERSPECTIVE = a specific point of view in understanding or judging things or events; the ability to see things in a true relationship

18.  YOUR PERSPECTIVE DEPENDS ON YOUR RELATIONSHIP TO THE ISSUE  ISSUE = OIL SPILL IN THE GULF DUMPED MILLIONS OF GALLONS OF OIL INTO THE GULF COAST

19.  PUT YOURSELF IN THE SHOES OF THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE… ANIMAL S(USE YOUR IMAGINATION) ENVIRONMENTALISTS BP (OIL COMPANY) POLITICIANS RESIDENTS OF THE GULF COAST CONSUMERS  WHAT’S YOUR PERSPECTIVE?

20.  HOW YOU PERCEIVE SOMETHING IS DETERMINED BY YOUR RELATIONSHIP TO WHAT IS HAPPENING  HOW WE UNDERSTAND HISTORY AFTER IT HAPPENS DEPENDS ON WHOSE PERSPECTIVE YOU ARE LOOKING AT

21.  YOU HAVE TO LOOK AT HISTORY FROM CONTRASTING PERSPECTIVES IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND WHAT TRULY HAPPENED…THERE’S ALWAYS AT LEAST TWO SIDES TO EVERY STORY!!!

22.  ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER ANSWER THE FOLLOWING PROMPT IN PARAGRAPH FORM… WHAT ROLE DOES STUDYING MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES PLAY IN DESCRIBING AN HISTORICAL EVENT?

23.  THE HISTORY OF THE COMMONWEALTH CONTINUES TO INFLUENCE PENNSYLVANIANS TODAY, AND HAS IMPACTED THE UNITED STATES AND THE REST OF THE WORLD What document or physical representation best summarizes Pennsylvania and why? PA played a huge role in the formation of our country…Textual evidence, material artifacts, the built environment, and historic sites are central to understanding the history of Pennsylvania

24.  CHOOSE ONE OF THE LOCATIONS PROVIDED  ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS FOR THE LOCATION OF YOUR CHOICE… Use the internet to guide your research  WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THIS PITTSBURGH LOCATION ON PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY?  ITS ROLE IN UNITED STATES HISTORY?  HOW DOES THIS PITTSBURGH LOCATION INFLUENCE YOUR LIFE TODAY?

25.  EACH OF THE HISTORICAL SITES LISTED HAS HAD SOME IMPACT ON THE STATE, THE COUNTRY, OR THE WORLD  DON’T UNDERESTIMATE THE ROLE OUR STATE HAS PLAYED IN HISTORY

26.  IT’S IMPORTANT TO KNOW WHERE YOU COME FROM IN ORDER TO APPRECIATE WHERE YOU’RE GOING

27.  THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES CONTINUES TO INFLUENCE ITS CITIZENS, AND HAS IMPACTED THE REST OF THE WORLD How has social disagreement and collaboration been beneficial to American society? Conflict and compromise in United States history has had a huge impact on contemporary society.

28.  New technologies created here in the United States in the 1960s eventually would completely change the way the world operated

29.  WORLD HISTORY CONTINUES TO INFLUENCE PENNSYLVANIANS, CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES AND INDIVIDUALS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD TODAY How does continuity and change throughout world history influence your community today? How has social disagreement and collaboration in world history been beneficial or detrimental?

30. Columbus lands in North America English colonists start to settle North America French and Indian War Pittsburgh established