1. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® Basics of FTTH Design Jeff Bush and Geoff Thumma All Rights Reserved, Copyright © OFS Fitel LLC 2015

2. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® 2 Bandwidth – then, now, and next ≈ 0.6 kbps Then 2 Mbps 25 Mbps 1.5 Mbps 9 Mbps 6 Mbps Now Next VR > 500 MBPS

3. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® Why Fiber? Lower Cost, Greater Bandwidth, Lowest Cost/Bit

4. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® Why fiber? Metal cables and wireless have limitations l cables and wireless have significant limitations Reliable - Fewer truck rolls with fiber Lower power consumption versus DSL/HFC Not affected by lightning, rain, humidity issues No maintenance needed for amplifiers FeatureBenefit High bandwidth High information carrying capacity Low attenuation Long distances without repeaters, less expensive Light weight Small size Easier installations Unobtrusive No metallic conductors No grounding problems No “crosstalk” Passive No power requirements No circuit protection needed Inexpensive Widely deployable & cost effective

5. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® Fiber Feeds the Cell Network Mobile bandwidth demand, driven by smartphones and video, is growing rapidly Fiber is needed to and up the tower for 4G networks and beyond Fiber has many advantages for cell network operators: Weight Tower loading/bracing Grounding Installation time Power losses Space Cooling requirements Bandwidth

6. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® Optical Fiber Light travels in core and is constrained by the cladding Acrylate coating protects pure silica (glass) cladding

7. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® Fiber Structure Core - The center of a fiber –Typically contains dopants to change speed of light Cladding - Outer layer of glass to contain light –Different refractive index Coating - Cushions and protects fibers v vs v 125 microns 200-250 microns 8-62.5 microns Core Cladding Coatings

8. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® FTTH Network Macro View

9. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® OSP Cable Placement Options Aerial Fast, minimal restoration time Typical choice for overbuilding existing aerial plant Below Grade Required if no existing aerial plant Aesthetically pleasing!

10. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® Splicing Fusion Most common type of splice Fibers joined together and melted at approximately 1600 degrees C Mechanical Common overseas Less common in US FTTH installations Splice sleeve to cover completed splice Illustration of electrodes used to form fusion splicing arc

11. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® Optical Loss Budget Designers must ensure adequate optical power going both directions ComponentTypical loss values @ 1550 nm Fiber0.2 dB/km Splices0.05 dB Connectors0.2 dB Splitters (1x32)17-18 dB

12. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® FTTX Network Planning Establish Ultimate Network Plan Ensures incremental additions support ultimate objectives Network Plan Objectives Reduce installed costs Increase speed of network build Increase return on investment o Target network segments based on ROI Streamline build cost estimation process Example Network Plan Cable route design for 10k premise network

13. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® FTTX Architectures GPONGE-PON Point to Point (Active Ethernet) Current Gen Next Gen Current Gen Next Gen Downstream Bandwidth 2.4 Gbps total 10 Gbps total 1.2 Gbps total 10 Gbps total 100 -1000 Mbps per sub Upstream Bandwidth 1.2 Gbps total 10 Gbps total 1.2 Gbps total 10 Gbps total 100 -1000 Mbps per sub Typical distance20 km Wavelengths (nm), Downstream Upstream 1490 1310 1577 1270 1550 1310 1577 1270 1550 1310

14. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® FTTX Architectures PON - Cabinet Splitting Closely resembles copper networks o Cross connect cabinets Limits initial OLT utilization Most common method of deployment in U.S.

15. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® FTTX Architectures PON - Cabinet Splitting

16. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® FTTX Architectures PON - Distributed Splitting Greatly reduces cable sizes and splicing Requires more OLT ports than CO or cabinet splitting o Typical break-even take rate is 20-25%

17. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® FTTX Architectures PON - Distributed or Cascaded Splitting

18. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® FTTX Architectures Distributed / Cascaded Splitting versus CO / Cabinet Splitting Advantages 1.Significantly reduces cable sizes 2.Significantly reduces splicing requirements 3.Eliminates need for splitter cabinets Associated permitting Disadvantages 1.100% splitter installation Initial as opposed to incremental 2.100% OLT port installation Initial as opposed to incremental Typical break-even take rate is 20-25% Greater than 25% - distributed / cascaded more economical Less than 20% - CO / cabinet more economical

19. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® City of Sandy Project Service Drop Interconnectio n Point Aka “terminal” Connectorized (SCA) Service Drop EZ-Bend 4.8mm Toneable Customer CSP Box (SCA Adapter) EZ-Bend 3.0mm Unconnectorized ONT Network Components Splice on Pigtails (SCA)

20. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® Summary Video, internet, and new applications are driving bandwidth increases that require fiber Fiber is the best method for providing low cost, high bandwidth services Lowest cost/bit Lowest OPEX More reliable than metallic technologies Lower attenuation, weight Fiber architectures include multiple types of PON and point-to-point Multiple ways of deploying FTTH OSP design decisions have significant impacts on network build costs

21. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® Backup Backup Slides

22. Your Optical Fiber Solutions Partner ® FTTX Architectures Design Comparison Cabinet vs. Distributed Splitting