1. The Gothic Novel James Ward, Gordale Scar, 1814, London, Tate Gallery.

2. It became popular at the end of the 18th century Only Connect... New Directions The adjective “Gothic”  three connotations Medieval, linked to the architecture of the 12th-14th centuries Irregular, barbarous, opposed to Classicism Wild, supernatural, in the sense of mysterious 1. The origin of the name The Gothic novel

3. Only Connect... New Directions The 18th- century society Industrial exploitation Destruction of the single human being Man as a slave to forces he could not control Gothic symbols as denunciation of social problems 2. Influences The Gothic novel

4. Only Connect... New Directions 2. Influences The Gothic novel As a celebration of terror As a rejection of constraints and limits As exploration of forbidden areas The “sublime”

5. Great importance given to terror, characterised by obscurity and uncertainty, and horror, caused by evil and atrocity. Darkness necessary ingredient for the mysterious, gloomy atmosphere. Only Connect... New Directions The Gothic novel 3. The setting Jonathan Barry, Udolpho Castle, 1993, private collection.

6. Only Connect... New Directions The Gothic novel 3. The setting Ancient settings  isolated castles and mysterious abbeys with hidden passages, underground cellars, secret rooms. Catholic countries as the setting for the most terrible crimes, due to Protestant prejudices against Catholicism. A drawing depicting the Gothic staircase at Strawberry Hill, near London.

7.  Characters  dominated by exaggerated reactions in front of mysterious situations or events.  Supernatural beings  vampires, monsters and ghosts. Only Connect... New Directions The Gothic novel 4. The characters Henry Fuseli (Johann Heinrich Füssli), The Nightmare, 1781, Goethe Museum, Frankfurt

8. Only Connect... New Directions The Gothic novel 4. The characters  Sensitive heroes  they save heroines.  Heroines  stricken by unreal terrors and persecuted by the villains.  Satanic, terrifying male characters, victims of their negative impulses. Henry Fuseli (Johann Heinrich Füssli), The Nightmare, 1781, Goethe Museum, Frankfurt

9. Semantic areasWords Mystery enchantment, ghost, haunted, infernal, magic, secret, spectre, vision Fear/ Terror/ Sorrow agony, anguish, apprehensions, despair, dread, fearing, frightened, hopeless, horror, melancholy, miserable, panic, sadly, scared, shrieks, sorrow, tears, terror, unhappy, wretched Haste anxious, breathless, frantic, hastily, impatient, running, suddenly Anger anger, enraged, furious, rage, resentment, wrath Largeness enormous, gigantic, large, tremendous, vast Only Connect... New Directions The Gothic novel 5. The language

10. Horace Walpole  The Castle of Otranto (1764) Ann Radcliffe  The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) Matthew Lewis  The Monk (1796) Only Connect... New Directions The Gothic novel 6. First Gothic authors

11. Great interest during the 18 th century common to all strata of society. The features of Gothic novels preserved in modern and contemporary descendents of this genre in the works of: Charlotte Bronte E. A. Poe R. L. Stevenson Bram Stoker Only Connect... New Directions The Gothic novel 7. Popularity