1. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN FYI: WHITE TYPE ON A BLACK BACKGROUND IS CALLED REVERSE TYPE

2. TYPOGRAPHY Choosing the right type if the first step in design. Most newspapers use a serif style. Serif means “with feet.”

3. Serifs help move the readers’ eyes from letter to letter, word to word. Generally, choose one type family and stick with it for the entire paper, varying by using italics, bold, condensed, etc.

4. Graphics Graphics include (rules) lines, boxes, art, photos, spot color, and other devices. Graphics enhance design and draw the reader into the page. Graphics must have a special reason or purpose when used

5. Graphics In general, graphics serve the following purposes: To unify elements To separate elements To call attention to elements

6. To Unify Elements Boxes and rule lines can pull related elements together. A series of photos with quotes might be grouped in a box or aligned beside a rule Sequences of events can be presented in a timeline

7. To Separate Elements Rules and boxes also function to separate elements from other elements. Can serve as “barriers” causing the reader’s eyes to stop at one point and pick up copy at a different point. When used effectively, lines and rules can help guide and direct a reader’s eye around a page

8. To Call Attention to Elements Screens, boxes, borders, large type or photographs, areas of spot color and distinctive art allow the designer to attract the readers’ eyes to specific areas on a page.

12. Basic Rules of Design Dominance Unity Contrast Rhythm Balance Consistency

13. Dominance Every single page and every double-page spread (two facing pages) should have one dominant element that is at least two-and- one-half times as large as any other element on the spread.

14. Dominance This dominant element serves as a visual entry for the reader. If no dominant element exists, the reader’s eye will bounce around, or will skip that page and go to the next

15. Dominance The dominant element is usually a large well-composed photo tied to the message of the primary headline.

16. Unity Using consistent internal and external margins unifies a page or a spread. Spacing is measured in picas External matters on single pages are usually: 3 to 4 picas at the top of the page 4 to 5 picas on each side of the page 5 to 6 picas at the bottom of a page

17. Unity Gutter – the dividing space (white space) between two columns OR two pages that falls into the fold On a “natural” spread or “double truck” (two pages printed side by side), running the photo across the gutter ties the pages together

18. Unity Eyelines (one pica of horizontal white space that goes across the spread) can tie the pages together Eyelines should run at least six picas above or below the horizontal center of the spread

19. Contrast Contrast – the use of opposites in size, shape and weight A design should feature one dominant photo contrasted by several smaller photos. Use horizontal photos as well as vertical photos.

20. Contrast Contrast is often used in headline design. Each story should feature a headline with both primary and secondary components. A 72-point primary is accompanied by a secondary that should be no larger than 36 points. Primary should be set in bold and the secondary in regular or lighter typeface

21. Rhythm Rhythm, or repetition, involves the use of a repeated color, graphic, or typographic element to hold a design together. Color pulled from a photograph might be used as the background for a secondary coverage box or as part of a headline design.

22. Balance Balance can be formal or informal Formal balance – pages can be folded in half vertically with each half mirroring the other half.

23. Balance Informal balance – weight is distributed diagonally. Bigger bolder photos are moved toward the center. White space, copy, headlines, and captions are pushed to the outside so that pages do not “weigh heavy” to one side or the other.

24. Consistency Certain elements should be consistent throughout. Bylines, folios (page numbers),and standing headline design should be consistent in size, font, weight, and style throughout the publication. These elements should also be consistent from issue to issue.

25. Creating Pages Four elements: Copy (stories) Art (photos or artwork) Headlines White space

26. Creating Pages Your paper will be taboid or broadsheet Tabloid – half sheet National Enquirer, Bulldog Tribune Broadsheet – full-sized newspaper USA Today, Washington Post Design rough sketches first Use InDesign to implement your sketch

27. Front Page Nameplate (flag) should reflect the personality of the paper. Includes name of publication, date, school’s name, address, volume, issue Teasers or menu can be above the nameplate or to the side or at the bottom of the page

28. Front Page The rest of the page is devoted to one, two, or three major stories. Tabloid-sized papers usually feature four or five column format. Column formats may be varied to emphasize different stories.

29. Front Page Modular format Packaging stories, headlines, and accompanying graphics into neat rectangular shapes. Photos may be dropped in the center three columns and copy may be wrapped (text wrap) around it. Headline over the entire package

30. Inside Pages One dominant photo Several smaller photos Stories Headlines (Biggest at top of page and working down in size as you get toward the bottom) Advertising – placed across the bottom of the page with one pica of white space between them and so that the tops of the ads are even across the page

31. Double-Truck Pages in the center that appear side by side and are printed side by side. Designers can cross the gutter with photos, copy, artwork, etc. (Discuss drawbacks) Sometimes double-trucks “focus” on specific ideas

32. Double-Truck First place dominant photo (consider crossing gutter). Establish eyeline in either upper third or lower third. Place all other photos adhering to column guides – be sure to contrast shapes Place captions, touching photos, to the outside corners of the layout – not between photos

33. Double Truck Add copy, setting it in one column widths Place side by side in a solid rectangular block. Put in headlines using a primary and secondary (decks – a layer in a grouping of headlines)

34. Additional Terms Story Package Copy, photos, inforgraphics related to the story.

35. Additional Terms Initial Cap A large capital letter set into the opening paragraph of a story to help draw the reader’s attention to the beginning of the story.

36. Additional Terms Internal Margin A margin that keeps a consistent disrance between all elements of a page, usually one or two picas.

37. Additional Terms Mug Shot A small photograph of the face of someone mentioned in a story

38. Additional Terms Standing Head A label used to identify special items such as news briefs or columns.

39. Additional Terms Jump Line A line telling the read on what page the story continues.

40. Additional Terms Refer A line that sends readers to a related article or item in the same issue; pronounced “reefer”

41. Additional Terms Photo Credit A line giving the photographer’s name

42. Additional Terms Leg The vertical dimension of a story (its depth) A 12-inch story is 12-inches if put in one column, but not a good idea.

43. Additional Terms Dummy A detailed page diagram drown in advance.

44. Additional Terms Tombstoning Stacking headlines alongside eachother

45. Bastard Measure A story package that breaks the general column width on that page.

46. Front Pages Examples http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CA_AD.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CA_LAR.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CA_MCH.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CA_DS.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CA_MB.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CA_DP.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CA_SFE.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CA_DB.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CO_SPT.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CT_TH.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/CT_NHR.jpg http://webmedia.newseum.org/newseum-multimedia/dfp/jpg21/lg/DC_WP.jpg