1. Where Are Contemporary Services Located? Chapter 12: Services Key Issue 2

2. Services in Rural Settlements Clustered Rural Settlements – several families living close to each other, fields surrounding – Ex. Villages or mini-settlements – Villages were arranged according to local customs – Farmers either owned, rented, or worked a specific piece of land – Circular Settlements Kraal villages in S. Africa Gewandorf settlements in Germany (Von Thunen) – Linear Settlements Long, thin farms Roads were built when farms were divided, creating a new settlement

3. Services in Rural Settlements Clustered Colonial Settlements – Clustered around commons – Clustered for several reasons: given a specific amount of land, culture and religious values, protection Dispersed Rural Settlements – single family living on an isolate farm – Found in Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and Western US – Enclosure movement – government forced villages off of lands and combined lands into single farm

4. Services in Urban Settlements Differences Between Urban & Rural – Wirth’s three differences Size: – Urban-large: sm. % of known people – Rural-small: know many people in the town High density: – Urban leads to specialization & competition Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous – Larger settlement (urban) greater variety of people (heterogeneous) Differences in MDCs not as noticeable because changes in communication

5. Services in Urban Settlements Increasing Percentage of People in Cities – Urbanization Number of people AND Percentage of people living in cities (development) Increasing Number of People in Cities – MDCs have more urban residents but LDCs have the largest cities 8 of the 10 largest cities are in LDCs