1. Nouns and Pronouns

2. Nouns What is a noun? Definition: a word or group of words used as the name of a class of people, places, or things, or of a specific person, place, or thing

3. Singular Singular nouns name only one person, place, thing, or idea. Examples: – Wall – Paint – Infant – Cat Plural Plural nouns can name more than one of anything. Plural nouns usually end in s. Examples: – Cats – Walls Some plural nouns are unusual. Examples: – Men – Mice – Feet

4. Common Nouns What is a common noun? The general name of any person, place, or thing.

5. Proper Nouns What is a proper noun? The name of a particular person, place or thing. – Hint- They begin with a capital letter. – Examples: Lincoln Carrollton

6. NOUNS

7. Pronouns Pronouns are words used in place of nouns.

8. Types of pronouns Personal pronouns – Used to refer to people - I, me, my, mine. – Example- John had a cold, so he stayed in bed. Nominative pronouns are used as subjects of sentences and clauses – I, we, you, he, she, it, they – They stood in line to ride the roller coaster.

9. Types of pronouns Objective pronouns are used as objects. – Me, us, you, him, her, it, them – The crowd cheered loudly for them Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership. – The baby threw his cereal on the floor.

10. More types of pronouns Demonstrative pronouns point out particular persons, places, or things. – This, that, these, and those. – Charlie planted this tree. This is Charlie’s tree. Relative pronouns introduces a relative clause. – Relative clause is a group of words with a subject and a predicate that refers back to a noun or pronoun in the main part of the sentence. – The dog that won first place was a collie.

11. PRONOUNS

12. Antecedents The word a pronoun replaces is called an antecedent. The antecedent precedes the pronoun. – Leroy plays his banjo every evening. – The antecedent of the pronoun his is Leroy.

13. A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. IMeWeUsOur yourshehishimyou sheherthemtheytheirs thisthosethatwhothese

14. Pronouns agreeing with their antecedents. The word the pronoun replaces is called its antecedent. The antecedent usually comes before the pronoun in the same sentence. It can also be mentioned in a previous sentence.

15. VERBS Usage

16. You will find at least one verb or verb phrase in every sentence.

17. Verb Phrases Verb phrases are created with the use of a helping verb.  has, have, can, would, should, must, might, may, did, does, will, & shall  For dinner tonight we will eat pizza.  In the book Peter Pan, children can fly.

18. Simple Tenses of Verbs Present: I hear a siren. The siren sounds close. Past: It sounded far away a few minutes ago. Future: It will sound louder very soon.

19. Perfect Tenses of Verbs Present: Emma has knitted since she was a child. (continuing) I have received a handmade scarf from her. (complete) Past: She had knitted many articles before she began high school. Future: She will have knitted another sweater by the end of this year.

20. Regular Verbs Present TensePast TensePast Participle finishfinished(has) finished workworked(has) worked studystudied(has) studied playplayed(has) played

21. Irregular Verbs Present TensePast TensePast Participle singsang(has) sung bewas, were(has) been buybought(has) bought havehad(has) had cut (has) cut feedfed(has) fed

22. Agreement of Subjects and Verbs The verb in a sentence must agree with its subject in number. A singular verb with a singular subject. – A bus driver faces many challenges. A plural verb with a plural subject. – Bus drivers face many challenges.

23. What is the correct verb? 1.Those shoes goes on sale next week. 2.My cat am a Siamese. 3.On Tuesday mornings I is at class. 4.The city prune the trees in the park on request. 5.The sun rise in the east. 6.Several vines climbs up the porch wall. 7.These questions is easy. 8.Usually, I writes with my right hand. 9.Scientists searches for the causes of illness. 10.Do the movie end happily?