2. *Building Support for Imperialism  United States had a change in attitude (from isolationism) and wanted to become a world power  Military, economic, and cultural superiority  Imperialism  Economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker nations  Sources of natural resources and products  Colonies and protectorates

3. End of the Frontier  Fredrick J. Turner’s – Frontier Thesis  Josiah Strong – Gods Will/Manifest Destiny to expand  1898 U.S. exporting more than importing  Sought out wider markets in Asia, L. America, Africa  Pan-Americanism – unity against the ‘Old World’

4. Superior Races?  Biogenetic Law (Hackel)  Races developed like individuals and the primitive races stop developing at the childhood stage  Thus they need supervision  Social Darwinism  As nations competed only the strongest would survive  This argument was a way to justify expanding American power overseas  Anglo-Saxonism (John Fiske)  English speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government  They were ‘destined’ to dominate the planet  Just like manifest destiny

5. Would you treat your children like this? Missionaries in China 1905

6. “Take up the White Man's burden Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child…”(Kipling) “The White Man’s Burden”

7. *Expansion in the Pacific  U.S. expanded across Pacific and East Asia looking for overseas markets  Americans wanted to trade with China and Japan  Japan only allowed trade with Chinese and Dutch  President Pierce sent Commodore Perry to Japan to negotiate a treaty…as a result - two Japanese ports were open for American trade

8. ALOHA

9. *Sugar  A recession hit Hawaii in 1872  The US exempted Hawaiian sugar from tariffs (taxes) which increased production, property values, and interests in the “Kingdom” of Hawaii  Treaty renewal - on one condition…the Senate insisted HI give the US exclusive rights to have a naval base at Pearl Harbor  Boom in Hawaiian Sugar industry

10. McKinley Tariff…economic blow to Hawaii  The McKinley Tariff in 1890 gave subsidies (extra $) to sugar producers on the U.S. mainland  This causes the Hawaiian economy to decline in the islands  Those rich plantation owners did not like the road to ‘bust’ from ‘boom’

11. *Queen Liliuokalani Aloha `oe, aloha `oe E ke onaona noho i ka lipo One fond embrace, A ho`i a`e au Until we meet again Farewell to you, Farewell to you The charming one who dwells in the shade bowers One fond embrace, ‘Ere I depart Until we meet again

12. Overthrowing a Queen…  She becomes queen of Hawaii  She disliked the influence American settlers had in the islands, but was ‘westernized’ herself in dress and manners and education  1893 a group of planters supported by the US MARINES (not the government) overthrow her monarchy  Group of Planters set up a temporary government and the Bayonette Constitution…  They asked the U.S. to annex the islands…  led by a man named DOLE who would become the President of the new provisional government

13. Yes the Pineapple ‘Dole’  “pine of the indies” Dole was the Pineapple King  Bought Lanai and made it a 20k acre pineapple plantation that was in operation until 1992  Once the main source of pineapples Hawaii produces only 2% (Mostly from Maui Pineapple Company)

14. “Free Liliu” BET This song is a contemporary telling of her overthrow and her wish to save her people from bloodshed…Listen… What is the tone of the song (Happy? Righteousness?) Who will stand on trial?

15. *Coup E’tat – A sudden and decisive change in government illegally or by force

16. Bayonette Constitution… http://www.hawaiianalive.org/realms.php?sub =Wao+Lani&treasure=344&offset=0 “gross immorality” “scandalous Government” -Does she look ‘westernized’ or like her real pictures? -what is holding up her island nation?

20. Formal Apology…  A Formal apology was issued to the Native Hawaiians by the Clinton Administration on behalf of the U.S. role in the Monarchy overthrow  It is a long apology - with a long list of things to apologize for…10 pages worth!

21. Hawaiian Flag

22. Latin America  U.S. wanted to increase influence in L.A. by selling more product there  Sect. of State Blaine proposed Pan Americanism  Latin Americans agreed to Commercial Bureau of the American Republics  Meant to promote cooperation among nations of the Western Hemisphere….Today it is called the OAS or Organization of American States  Goals of Pan-Americanism conference:  Create trade relations  Peaceful dispute protocol  Latin Americans REJECTED both goals

24. Building A Modern Navy  Alfred T. Mahan’s “The Influence of Seapower Upon History”  To be a dominant force in the world the a nation needed a Powerful Navy to control the Seas  Lodge & Beveridge (Senators) pushed for construction of a Powerful Navy  Just in time for the Spanish American War

25. Review Questions  Why did Americans increasingly support imperialism during the 1880s?  How did the United States expand in the Pacific?  What were the two goals of the first Pan-American conference?  What were the ideas that convinced Congress to pay for building a strong, modern, Navy?