1. Warm Up 1.What are the three parts of an atom? a.Proton, neutron, naptone b.Proton, neutron, electron c.Proton, naptone, electron d.Proton, electron, Jimmy Neutron

2. Chemistry of Life

3. Atoms Nucleus –Protons ( + ) –Neutrons ( no charge) Orbit –Electrons ( - )

4. How you may see them drawn…. OR….

5. Periodic Table Used to organize elements

6. Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Atomic number # of Protons Atomic Mass –Protons + Neutrons

7. Valence Electrons Valence e- = outer electrons Octet rule: –Atoms want 8 electron in valence shell….

8. Elements 1 type of atom –Ex Sodium Carbon Silver Gold 1 or 2 letter symbol

9. Isotopes Same element but different number of neutrons Identified by mass # C 14 - Used to ID fossils –Breaks down consistently over time ALL Carbons

10. Chemical Reactions The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are known as reactants. Na + Cl  NaCl The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction are known as products.

11. Energy Changes –Chemical reactions that release energy often occur spontaneously. – Exothermic –Chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a source of energy. –Endothermic

12. Activation Energy (Ea) –energy that is needed to get a reaction started

13. Catalysts (enzymes) –Some chemical reactions are slow or have high activation energies. –These chemical reactions are made possible by catalysts.

14. Catalysts (enzymes) Work like a lock and key Only catalyze specific reactions Enzyme SubstratesProducts Enzyme – Substrate Complex

16. Chemical Compounds Combo of 2 or more elements Expressed in formulas –Na + Cl  NaCl Chemical properties of compound are different than original elements

17. Bonds Ionic –Transfer e- Covalent –Sharing e- –Forms a molecule

18. Attractions Van der Waals force –Slight attraction between two molecules –NO giving or sharing of electrons

19. Warm Up When electrons are shared between two atoms, it creates a… a. Ionic bond b. Covalent bond c. Van der waals force d. Hydrogen bond

20. WATER

21. Most abundant compound in living things…….

22. ICE ICE floats because –Less dense than water Insulates bodies of water during winter –So things don’t die off

23. Expands as it freezes

24. pH of water pH of 7 sooooo….. –Not an acid… –Not a base….. Water is neutral!

25. Polarity of water Polar –Means uneven distribution of electrons between O and H.

26. Cohesion Water molecules sticking to water molecules

27. Adhesion Water molecules sticking to anything else

28. What holds water molecules together ???? Magic! No, just kidding…. Hydrogen bonds –Weak bonds –Easily broken

30. EXIT PASS Cohesion bonds water molecules to ___________

31. Warm Up Acids have a pH of __________ 7 and bases have a pH of __________ 7 –A. Above, Below –B. Above, negative –C. Below, Above –D. Below, negative

32. Macromolecules

33. Macro = large Micro = small Macromolecule –1000’s  100,000’s of molecules

34. How are molecules joined together? Polymerization –hooks molecules together Join monomers (molecule)to make polymer (macromolecule)

35. Types of Macromolecules C – Carbohydrates (Carbs) L – Lipids (fats) N – Nucleic Acids ( DNA, RNA) P – Proteins (meats etc…) Carl Likes Nipple Piercings

36. Carbohydrates C:H:O Monomers –Simple sugar Ex. Monosaccharide (single sugar) Polymer –Starch Ex. Polysaccharide ( more than one sugar) Functions –Energy –structure Simple sugar + simple sugar + simple sugar + simple sugar = Carbohydrate

37. Lipids C, H, O Monomer –Fatty acids Polymer –Fats, oils, waxes Function –Energy –Membranes –Insulation –Waterproof covering fatty acid + fatty acid + fatty acid + fatty acid + fatty acid + fatty acid = LIPID

38. Nucleic Acids H, O, N, C, P Monomer –nucleotides Polymer –DNA, RNA Function –Storage and transmition of genetic information Nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide = Nucleic Acid

39. Proteins makeup C,H,O,N Monomers –Amino Acids More than 20 a.a. in nature Polymer –Proteins Ex. Enzymes, muscles Amino Acid + Amino Acid + Amino Acid + Amino Acid = Protein

40. Function Structural –Nails –Hair Transportation –Hemoglobin Movement –Muscle Defense –Antibodies Regulation of cell function –Hormones, enzymes

41. Structure of Proteins Four levels of organization (structure) –Primary –Secondary –Tertiary –Quatranary

42. Enzymes – a type of protein How it works: Substrate binds to active site Fits like a lock and key Remains bound until reaction is complete Enzyme then free to start process again

43. Malfunctioning Protein - TMAU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tei23Fu ZM4Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tei23Fu ZM4U

44. Exit Pass What is the macromolecule that is used for LONG term ENERGY storage?

45. Warm UP – Sept. 17 th PUT WARM UP UNDER THE RIGHT DATE!!! Which bond involves “sharing” of electrons? Which bond involves “sharing” of electrons? A. Ionic bond A. Ionic bond B. Covalent bond B. Covalent bond C. Van der waals force C. Van der waals force D. Hydrogen Bond D. Hydrogen Bond

46. pH,Solutions and Suspensions

47. Solutions Mixture of 2 things Mixture of 2 things Don’t “chemically ” combine – just dissolve Don’t “chemically ” combine – just dissolve Includes a Includes a Solute - solid Solute - solid Solvent – liquid Solvent – liquid WATER – strongest solvent in the world! WATER – strongest solvent in the world!

48. Suspension Liquid + solid Liquid + solid No dissolving occurs No dissolving occurs Particles can settle on bottom

49. Acid Forms Hydrogen ions in solution Forms Hydrogen ions in solution Means more H+ ions than pure water Means more H+ ions than pure water

50. Katie Piper – what acid can do http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA- B9CHim0A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA- B9CHim0A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA- B9CHim0A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA- B9CHim0A

51. Base Forms OH- ions in solution Forms OH- ions in solution Less H+ ions than pure water

52. How to measure strength/weakness of acids and bases pH scale pH scale Scale of 0 – 14 Scale of 0 – 14 7 is neutral 7 is neutral 0 – 6.9 is acidic 0 – 6.9 is acidic 7.1 – 14 is basic 7.1 – 14 is basic

53. Buffers neutralize the pH of a solution neutralize the pH of a solution Makes pH closer to 7 Makes pH closer to 7 Usually a weak base or acid Usually a weak base or acid Reacts w/ strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes Reacts w/ strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes

54. Exit Pass What is the strongest solvent in the world? __________________ What is the strongest solvent in the world? __________________