1. CHEMISTRY

2. Chemistry notes outline I.MatterIV. Atomic # and 1. massMass # 2. weightV. Table II.Chem vs. Physical PropertiesVI. Drawings III.Atom Structure 1. NucleusVII. Vocab Protons, Neutrons, 1. Isotope 2. Electrons2. ionic bonds Levels, valence3. covalent bond

3. Composition of Matter Matter - Everything in universe is composed of matter Matter - Everything in universe is composed of matter Matter is anything that occupies space (volume) or has mass Matter is anything that occupies space (volume) or has mass Mass – quantity of matter an object has Mass – quantity of matter an object has Weight – pull of gravity on an object Weight – pull of gravity on an object

4. Properties: Physical: can be observed and measured without permanently changing the identity of the matter. –Mass –Volume –Others Color, texture, hardness, melting/boiling point, phases

5. Chemical: describe a substance’s ability to change into a new substance as a result of a chemical change –Once the change is complete, it is nearly impossible to reverse the process and get the starting material back

6. Atoms and Elements Atoms are the basic unit of matter Elements are pure substances consisting of one type of atom ex. C, H, O, N

7. Structure of an Atom: Nucleus at center containing protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge)

8. Electrons (negatively charged) orbit nucleus in energy clouds or levels 1 st level = max 2 e- 2 nd level = max 8 e- 3 rd level = max 18 e- Valence electrons = e- in outer level

9. ATOMIC NUMBER: # of PROTONS in the nucleus; # of ELECTRONS in orbital shells MASS NUMBER: # of PROTONS and NEUTRONS in the nucleus (P+N)

10. In summary Type of particle LocationChargeSymbolHow many? ProtonnucleuspositiveP+Atomic # NeutronNucleusNeutraln°Atomic mass - # ElectronEnergy levels NegativeE-Atomic #

11. Orbital drawings—diagram of an atom with its electrons arranged around the nucleus # of protons— 7 # of neutrons— 7 # of electrons— 7 2 electrons in the first shell 8 electrons in the second shell 18 electron in the third shell

12. # of protons— # of neutrons— # of electrons— Make an orbital drawing for fluorine (F)-- Fill in the #’s of protons and neutrons, all of the electrons, and label the nucleus and energy levels.

13. Isotope Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons (atomic #) but differ in the number of neutrons –Some isotopes are radioactive (the nuclei are unstable and break down over time) –Depending on the isotope this can be beneficial or harmful

14. Chemical Compound Is a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements

15. Chemical Bonds Atoms are stable when outermost energy level is full Atoms are stable when outermost energy level is full In order to become stable, atoms will either gain/ lose or share electrons In order to become stable, atoms will either gain/ lose or share electrons

16. Ionic Bonds formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, ions have a charge. Forms an ion (atom with a + or – charge)

17. If the atom loses the electron it has what charge? If the atom gains an electron it has what charge?

19. Covalent Bonds Forms when electrons are shared between atoms –Think of the word “co- captains” –‘co’- meaning together or jointly

20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sUIhpULamM