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International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006 “CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCENTRATED LIGHT BEAMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO SOLAR.

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Presentation on theme: "International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006 “CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCENTRATED LIGHT BEAMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO SOLAR."— Presentation transcript:

1 International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006 “CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCENTRATED LIGHT BEAMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO SOLAR CONCENTRATORS ” Part B: “Radiometric methods” Antonio Parretta ENEA – Bologna

2 OUTLINE 1.The Double Cavity Radiometer: i)Theory ii)Practical realization iii)Calibration iv)Applications 2.Introduction to radiometers for solar concentrators with cylindrical receivers Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

3 DOUBLE-CAVITY RADIOMETER (DCR) (1) The optical model Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006 (1) Patented

4 Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006 Radiometer with two coupled integrating spheres P0P0 in c m P in P c (l) PmPm P c (r) PiPi PjPj G1G1 G2G2 i sphere 1 sphere 2 to voltmeter or lock-in photodetector j

5 Energy conservation law applied to sphere 1: The optical model Energy conservation law applied to sphere 2: Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

6 Irradiance into sphere 1: The optical model Irradiance into sphere 2:

7 Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006 The optical model Power at input “in”: Radiant power on the photodetector “m”: Irradiance incident on the photodetector “m”:

8 The optical model We define the following Attenuation Factors: i) ii) Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

9 Attenuation factor for the irradiance (flux density measurements) Attenuation factor for the power (power measurements) iii) iv) The optical model Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

10 Attenuation Factors: i) The optical model ii) iii) iv) Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

11 cl win is1 is2 pr m rad1 of wc wof wm sp Modelling of a prototype of DCR We model the radiometer for measurements of the total power incident on the concentration cell SunPower HECO252, used as photovoltaic receiver in the concentrating system PhoCUS operating at ENEA Research Centre of Portici.

12 C-Module of the PhoCUS Project Assembled SunPower HECO252 cell C-Module Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

13 Modelling of SP cell and optical fibre AbsorberSurface area (mm 2 ) Emissivity [7]Reflectance (%) SP cell: Central region S m1 = 156_R m1 = 4 SP cell: Copper frame S m2 = 69Copper scraped 0.64 R m2 = 36 Optical fibre: Glass window S of1 = 7.1_R of1 = 4 Optical fibre: SS frame S of2 = 12.5Stainless steel Sheet polished 0.07 R of2 = 93 SP-HECO252 cell DCR window SP-HECO252 cell Glass window SS frame Optical fibre Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

14 The optical model (prototype) Sphere diameter, d = 5 cm; input window area, Sin = 1.1 × 1.1 = 1.21 cm 2 ; photodetector window area, Sm = 1.5 × 1.5 = 2.25 cm 2 ; optical fiber head area, Sof = 0.196 cm2. Variable quantities: aperture area, Sc = 0.1÷2.0 cm 2 ; wall reflectance, Rw = 92÷99%. P in P c (l) PmPm P c (r) G1G1 G2G2 P0P0 P of S in SmSm S of ScSc Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

15 The optical model (prototype) Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

16 Attenuation factor for power Attenuation factor of the DCR radiometer, calculated as function of the intermediate aperture area, Sc, for some values of the wall reflectance, R w.

17 DOUBLE-CAVITY RADIOMETER (DCR) Ray tracing Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

18 Ray tracing (prototype) Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006 Ray tracing by TracePro

19 DOUBLE-CAVITY RADIOMETER (DCR) The thermal model Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

20 Thermal model Heat generated on the SunPower cell: where: Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

21 Efficiency of SP-HECO252 cell Efficiency versus concentration Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

22 Efficiency of SP-HECO252 cell Efficiency of SP-HECO252 cell versus concentrationat at input of DCR Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

23 Generated Heat Heat generated on the SP-HECO252 cell of DCR vs. light concentration (medium) at input, for different Sco values. Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

24 Heat generated on the SP-HECO252 cell of DCR vs. light concentration (high) at input, for different Sco values. The curves are truncated at Gm = 200 suns. Generated Heat Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

25 DOUBLE-CAVITY RADIOMETER (DCR) (1) Manufacturing of the prototype Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006 (1) Patented

26 x y z x y z Vertical section Horizontal section (t) (b1) (si1) (si2) (fco) (w1) (w4) 1 2 (b3) (b2) (si1) (si2) (fco) (w3) (w2) 1 2 3 Schematic of the DCR gauge head Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

27 General scheme of DCR (pa) (rd) (ins) (v) (Pe) (tr) (fo) Spectrometer Control Module P (risc.) Isc fc T (°C) Touchscreen (ra) Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

28 DCR-1 Radiometer Input of light Output to the optical fibre ECO-VIDE (Roma) Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

29 slit SunPower cell ECO-VIDE (Roma) DCR-1 Radiometer Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

30 Input of light inserts Window for SP cell insert DCR-1 Radiometer

31 Input of light inserts Window for SP cell insert auxiliary window DCR-1 Radiometer Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

32 baffle 1 baffle 2 baffle 3 DCR-1 Radiometer Ist International School on Concentrated Photovoltaics, Ferrara 2-6 September 2006

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