2. Newton’s Laws of Motion

3. 1 st Law of Motion (Law of Inertia) An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion. Example = car and seatbelt

4. INERTIA  Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its velocity: whether in motion or motionless..

5. 1 st Law  Two forces make the golf ball come to a stop. FRICTION and GRAVITY.

6. Friction – The force that one surface exerts on another when the two surfaces rub against each other.

7.  There are four main types of friction:  Sliding friction: ex = ice skating  Rolling friction: ex = bowling OR something with wheels  Fluid friction: (air or liquid): ex = scuba diving or snowboarding  Static friction: initial friction when moving an object ex = (anything sitting still) a rock

8. Sliding Friction Slide a book across a table and watch it slide to a rest position. The book comes to a rest because of the presence of a force - that force being the force of friction - which brings the book to a rest position.

9.  Put wheels on the book = Rolling Friction  Throw the book in a pool = Fluid Friction  Just let it sit there = Static Friction

10. Newton’s 1 st Law and You Don’t let this be you. Wear seat belts. Because of inertia, objects (including you) resist changes in their motion. When the car going 80 km/hour is stopped by the brick wall, your body keeps moving at 80 km/hour.

11. Newton’s 2 nd Law  2 nd Law  2 nd Law – The greater the acceleration, the greater the force, and the greater the mass, the greater the force.  EX: Dropping a book from a ladder or from two inches.  Formula: F= M x A

12. Force: A push or a pull. - Uses the SI unit-Newton – Capital “N” -Net Force- the combination of all forces acting on an object. -Unbalanced Force-Acting on an object results in the object’s motion. -Balanced Forces-No change in motion.

13. DEFINITIONS Inertia: the tendency for an object to resist a change in motion. Galileo’s concept and then used by Newton and called Newton’s 1 st Law of Motion Gravity: A force that pulls objects toward each other. It is dependent on two things: 1. As mass increases/force of gravity increases 2. As distance increases/force of gravity decreases

14.  MASS: The amount of matter in an object  WEIGHT: The force of gravity acting on an object  Your weight will change upon location (the moon, Saturn)

15. In addition:  Mass is in kilograms and acceleration is in m/s/s, the unit of force is in newton's (N).  One newton is equal to the force required to accelerate one kilogram of mass at one meter/second/second.

16. Steps in Solving Force: 1. F=m(a) 2. F=100kg(9.8m/s 2 ) 3. F = 980N Force is labeled with a capital N (Newton) * Acceleration due to gravity is constant at 9.8m/s 2 May the force be with you.

17. Say the acceleration is 5.6 meters per second squared and the mass is 22 kg.  Then the math sequence would be:  F = m(a)  F = 22kg (5.6 m/s/s)  F= 123.2 N

19.  Newton’s 3 rd Law  For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Actions work in pairs. Ex = rolling chair

20. 3 rd Law According to Newton, whenever objects A and B interact with each other, they exert forces upon each other. When you sit in your chair, your body exerts a downward force on the chair and the chair exerts an upward force on your body.

21. 3 rd Law There are two forces resulting from this interaction - a force on the chair and a force on your body. These two forces are called action and reaction forces.

22. Newton’s 3rd Law in Nature  Consider the propulsion of a fish through the water. A fish uses its fins to push water backwards. In turn, the water reacts by pushing the fish forwards, propelling the fish through the water.  The size of the force on the water equals the size of the force on the fish; the direction of the force on the water (backwards) is opposite the direction of the force on the fish (forwards).

23. 3 rd Law Flying gracefully through the air, birds depend on Newton’s third law of motion. As the birds push down on the air with their wings, the air pushes their wings up and gives them lift.

24. Write this example of Newton’s Third Law  The baseball forces the bat to the left (an action); the bat forces the ball to the right (the reaction).

25. 3 rd Law  Consider the motion of a car on the way to school. A car is equipped with wheels which spin backwards. As the wheels spin backwards, they grip the road and push the road backwards.

26. 3 rd Law The reaction of a rocket is an application of the third law of motion. Various fuels are burned in the engine, producing hot gases. The hot gases push against the inside tube of the rocket and escape out the bottom of the tube. As the gases move downward, the rocket moves in the opposite direction.