1. Processing of Textile Fibers

2. Textile Fibers

4. Fibers Fiber is a class of materials that are continuous filaments, similar to lengths of thread.materials thread One common definition of a fiber requires that its length be at least 100 times its diameter.

5. Natural Fibers

6. Natural fibers include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They are biodegradable over time. They can be classified according to their origin: biodegradable Vegetable fibers are generally based on arrangements of cellulose, often with lignin: examples include cotton, hemp, jute, flax, ramie, and sisal. Plant fibers are employed in the manufacture of paper and textile (cloth),Vegetable fiberscelluloselignincotton hempjuteflaxramiesisalpapertextile Wood fiber distinguished from vegetable fiber, is from tree sources.Wood fiber Animal fibers consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are spider silk, sinew, catgut, wool and hair, fur such as sheepskin, rabbit, mink, fox, beaver, etc.Animal fibersspider silksinewcatgutwool Mineral fibers comprise asbestos. Asbestos is the only naturally occurring long mineral fiber.Mineral fibersasbestosmineral

7. Synthetic Fibers

8. Cellulose fibers Cellulose fibers are a subset of man-made fibers, regenerated from natural cellulose. The cellulose comes from various sources. Modal is made from beech trees, bamboo fiber is a cellulose fiber made from bamboo, seacell is made from seaweed, etc.Cellulose fiberscellulose Modalbamboo fiberseaweed

9. Mineral fibers Fiberglass, made from specific glass, and optical fiber, made from purified natural quartz, silica fiber, made from sodium silicate (water glass).Fiberglass optical fiberquartz silica fiber Metallic fibers can be drawn from ductile metals such as copper, gold or silver. Carbon fibers are often based on oxidized and carbonized polymers, but the end product is almost pure carbon.Carbon fibers

10. Polymer fibers Polymer fibers are a subset of man-made fibers, which are based on synthetic chemicals (often from petrochemical sources). These fibers are made from: petrochemical –polyamide nylon,nylon –PET or PBT polyesterpolyester –phenol-formaldehyde (PF) –polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) –polyvinyl chloride fiber (PVC) –polyolefins (PP and PE) –acrylic polyesters, pure polyester PAN fibers.acrylicpolyester –Aromatic polyamids (aramids)Aromatic polyamids –polyethylene (PE), eventually with extremely long chainspolyethylene –ElastomersElastomers –polyurethane fiberpolyurethane

11. PET

12. Acetal Polyoxymethylene (POM), also known as acetal. polyacetal, and polyformaldehyde, is an engineering thermoplastic thermoplastic

13. ABS

14. PTFE

15. PVF PVF is also used as whiteboard surface material (Coating)

16. PEEK Polyether ether ketone

17. Definition of Textile Terms Denier is a unit of measure for the linear mass density of fibers. It is defined as the mass in grams per 9,000 meters.linear mass densityfibers massgramsmeters 1 denier= 1 gram per 9 000 meters= 0.05 grams per 450 meters (1/20 of above)= 0.111 milligrams per meter

18. Tenacity: The tensile strength of fiber is usually expressed in terms of tenacity.Tenactiy is the customary measure of strength of a fiber or yarn.strengthfiberyarn Tenacity is defined as the strength per unit size number, such as the denier. Tenacity is thus a function of the density of the fiber as well as its tensile strength.

19. Crimp is the waviness of the fibers, a measure of the difference between the length of the unstraightened and that of the straightened fiber.

20. Fiber Spinning 1.Melt Spinning 2.Dry Spinning 3.Wet Spinning Fibers are made from polymers by a process called Spinning.

21. Melt Spinning

23. Lumps are removed

24. Wet Spinning

25. Non solvent precipitates polymer in the form of fine filaments.

26. Dry Spinning