1. USHC 4.1 SUMMARIZE THE IMPACT OF RAILROADS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND NATIVES TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD & THE WEST

2. WESTERN STATES Prior to Civil War, railroad construction began connecting West to East. Sectionalist tensions (North v. South) affect how and where railroads are built After Civil War, migration wave to Western states creates new markets Transportation needs Economic needs Supply needs

3. FUNDING THE RAILROAD Republican Congress during the Civil War Passes laws that will benefit industries and their connection to Western markets Land Grants Government paid private companies ( subsidy ) to build railroads – extremely lucrative Rail companies given land surrounding the tracks Government sold Western lands to create revenue

4. PACIFIC RAILWAY ACT Land grants and bonds to companies to build a Transcontinental Railroad Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad Given 10 square miles of land for every mile of track built Connects eastern cities and Western states and towns Resources of west come east Manufactured goods sold to west from east

5. TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD Central Pacific begins building in Omaha, Nebraska Union Pacific begins building in Sacramento, CA Golden Spike Last spike driven connecting the two lines in Utah

6. HOMESTEAD ACT Homestead Act 160 acres of land - $18.00 Build house farm Make improvements remain for 5 years Speculators Companies take advantage Paid individuals to make claims then purchased land to have access to water and mineral deposits

8. IMPACT ON NATIVES Building railroad has massive effect on native population. White men followed trains Towns form around railroad stops Railroads encouraged hunters to kill bison/buffalo Plains Indians dependent on buffalo Food Tools Shelter clothing

9. IMPACT ON NATIVES Reservations Most native tribes moved to reservations Often run by Army; corrupt officials – subsidies Frequently moved to different locations if valuable resources found on reservation Tribal children taken east to educate as whites Native Resistance – Indian Wars Sioux Wars Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse Dawes Act Provide land to individual natives Effort to assimilate – forced adopting of white culture – personal v. tribal lands mentality Encouraged to become farmers

10. THE SIOUX WARS, 1854-1890 Prominent Sioux Heroes Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876 Custer’s Last Stand v. Sioux Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890 Last of starving Sioux arrested Ghost Dance controversy Army kills over 200 weaponless Sioux Seen as symbolic end to Indian wars