1. CHAPTER 101846 - 1861

2. Ceded by U.S. 1818 Ceded by Britain 1818 Ceded by Britain 1842 (Webster- Ashburton Treaty) Gadsden Purchase 1853 Disputed with Mexico until 1848 Texas Annexation 1845 Louisiana Purchase 1803 UNITED STATES 1783 Ceded by Spain 1819 Annexed by U.S. 1810 1812 Mexican Cession 1848 Oregon Country 1846

4. THE NORTH THE SOUTH ► Railroads: 21,700 mi. ► Communications: good ► Banking: $207 million ► Factories: 110,100 ► Population: 21.5 million ► Many growing cities ► Livestock: 49 million ► Grain production: 728 million bushels ► Tobacco: 229 million lb. ► Cotton: 4,000 bales ► Anti-slavery ► Railroads: 9,000 mi. ► Comunications: slow ► Banking: $47 million ► Factories: 20,600 ► Population: 9 million ► Few large cities ► Livestock: 33 million ► Grain production: 31 million bushels ► Tobacco: 199 million lb. ► Cotton: 5 million bales ► Pro-slavery

5. THE NORTH THE SOUTH ► Slavery is inhumane, and is an affront to human dignity ► Southerners are making profits based on the suffering of slaves ► Anti-slavery literature: Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe) ► Slavery has resulted in raising Africans from savagery to civilization ► We look after our workers, not like the northern factory owners ► Anti-capitalist literature: Cannibals All! (George Fitzhugh)

6. 1836

7. James K. Polk Threats of Military Action Unreasonable Demands Armed Conflict Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Gadsden Purchase

8. CAUSES EFFECTS TEXAS ANNEXATION BORDER DISPUTE NO SALE OF CA, NM TROOPS TO RIO GRANDE TROOPS TO CALIFORNIA RIO GRADE BECOMES SOUTHERN BORDER U.S. GETS CA, NM SLAVERY DEBATE GROWS WILMOT PROVISO: forbidding slavery in territories acquired from Mexico NEVER ENACTED UNDERSCORED NORTH/SOUTH DIFFERENCES

9. Populist Party

11. Open to Slavery Closed to Slavery To Vote on Slavery

12. WHIGS IN DECLINE: slavery, nativism, immigration KNOW-NOTHINGS: formation of a secret society who feared immigration; they became the American Party SUPPORTED “POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY” REPUBLICAN PARTY AROSE: supported repeal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Fugitive Slave Act

14. Lecompton Topeka Proslavery mob burns buildings in nearby Lawrence John Brown and sons kill five proslavers at Pottawatomie Topeka was the capital of the antislavery government Lecompton: capital of the proslavery government

15. After criticizing slavery in Kansas and fellow senator Andrew Butler, Senator Charles Sumner (MA) is attacked by House member Preston Brooks, Butler’s nephew.

16. Missourian Scott sued his owner, claiming that since he and his wife had once lived in a state in which slavery was illegal (Illinois), they should be given their freedom. Dred Scott In Scott v. Sandford, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7-2 against Scott Slaves, who were not citizens, had no standing in the courts. Enslaved people could not win their freedom by living in free states. All territories were declared open to slavery; the Missouri Compromise was ruled unconstitutional.

17. THE ISSUE: SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES

18. ARRESTED FOR LEADING THE RAID ON THE FEDERAL ARSENAL AT HARPERS FERRY, VA, ANTISLAVERY ACTIVIST JOHN BROWN IS LED TO THE GALLOWS. ON HIS WAY, HE PAUSES TO KISS A BLACK INFANT

20. J. C. Breckenridge John Bell Stephan A. Douglas 180 72 39 12

21. SOUTHERNERS WERE OUTRAGED THAT A PRESIDENT COULD BE ELECTED WITHOUT WINNING A SINGLE ELECTORAL VOTE FROM A SOUTHERN STATE JEFFERSON DAVIS BECAME THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA

25. CHAPTER 101846 - 1861