1. . Level 3 Air Conditioning Inspections for Buildings 10. CIBSE TM44 Reporting Methodology (Day 3) PRESENTED BY Anthony Balaam aircon@stroma.com

2. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping EPBD AC Definition ALLOW TEMPERATURE TO BE CONTROLLED OR LOWERED WATER AND AIR DISTRIBUTION CONTROL HUMIDITY PROVIDE AIR CLEANLINESS HEAT RECOVERY SUPPLY AND EXTRACT EPBD DEFINITION INCLUDES COMPONENTS WHICH PROVIDE:

3. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Air conditioning systems with rated cooling capacities of > 12kW could be:- Individual Unitary or Split Systems; Multi-Split Systems; Distributed Heat Pump Systems (VRF); Centralised Systems.  Where common control is present, the cooling output can be considered as exceeding >12kW. Air Conditioning System Types

4. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Guidance BS EN 15240:2007, BS EN 15239:2007 & CIBSE TM44:2007  These are aimed at ‘Article 9’ implimentation.  They are ‘Guidance’ domumrnts for accredited inspectors.  For use on AC system capacities >12kW.  They support ‘Assessment’ and ‘reporting methodology’.

5. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping The Aim of the Inspection:-  is to provide building ‘operators’ and ‘owners’ with ‘information’ regarding the ‘building’ and ‘plant performance’.  also to ‘identify opportunities’ for ‘energy saving’ and hence ‘operating cost reduction’. Inspection to be carried out by visual observation of:-  air-conditioning plant;  refrigerant sight glasses if fitted;  pressure, temperature or filter gauge readings if fitted;  test readings where these are not available:  Reference = BS EN 14511:2007. The Scope

6. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Health & Safety Issues  Inspectors have a duty to:-  Comply with relevant Health and Safety Legislation.  Draw building owner or manger’s attention to obvious instances of inadequate maintenance or neglect.  Especially where these might have implications for the health and safety of the building occupants or members of the public. The Scope

7. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Health & Safety Issues  Inspectors must ensure that:-  They are familiar with ‘current guidance’ concerning the Health and Safety implications of ‘owning’ and ‘maintaining’ air conditioning systems.  Seek to satisfy themselves that ‘adequate precautions’ and ‘maintenance practices’ have been taken by the building ‘owner’ or ‘manager’ to minimise such ‘risks’. The Scope

8. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Assessment of Efficiency  It may be a complex process and therefore would requiring considerable investment of ‘time’, ‘equipment’ and ‘expertise’; to obtain a good estimate of efficiency.  it is intended to provide a ‘broad view’ of the system design and operation by.  Addressing where this has been ‘compromised’.  Does not put a ‘numerical value’ on peformance.  And includes a ‘view’ on the size of the system with respect to the cooling load, and on alternative solutions; as required by the ‘EPB Regulations’. System Efficiency

9. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Factors Affecting AC System Efficiency  Operating efficiency is dependant upon:-  inherent efficiency of the system;  The state of maintenance;  How effective is the control.  Can be affected by efficiencies of:-  refrigeration equipment that removes heat;  chosen refrigerant fluid and its charge within system;  heat rejection to atmosphere;  delivery of cooled air or water to, or other means of absorbing heat from, the treated spaces;  any associated ventilation air supply and/or extract systems. System Efficiency

10. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping  The provision of ‘advice’ is required by the EPB Regulations, however there is ‘no requirement’ to act upon this ‘advice’ is required by the system ‘owner’ or ‘manager’.  The benefit of the ‘inspection’ to the system owner or manager is the ‘provision’ of appropriate ‘advice’ with regard to:-  possible ‘improvement’ or ‘replacement’ of the air conditioning systems;  Any ‘alternative solutions’ that would ‘increase efficiency’ and reduce energy consumption and running costs. Provision of Advice

11. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Obtaining Sufficient Information/ Pre-Inspection Meeting:  Can help to agree a clear and comprehensive scope of works for the inspection.  Can help to reduce the time and cost of the inspection.  Enable the assessor to establish if the building is within their competence. Inspection Preparation

12. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Inspection Preparation INFORMATION MAY BE HELD OFF-SITE INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR INSPECTION? SIMPLE PACKAGED SYSTEM CENTRAL SYSTEMS SECTION 2.1.5.2 & 2.2 CIBSE TM44 SECTION 2.1.5.1 & 2.3 CIBSE TM44 INFORMATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION H&S FILES F-GAS PLANT ASSET LIST BUILDING LOG BOOK MAINTENANCE INSTALLATION O&M MANUALS

13. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Time Required for Inspection Note: Risk assessment may be required for some tasks (e.g. examining inside ducts and AHUs) and should be carried out in collaboration with building owner or manager. Also account for:- –Outside operational hours. –Shut down systems. Extent of Inspection SIMPLE >12kW SPLIT ‘PACKAGED’ UNIT ~ 2 HOURS COMPLEX SYSTEMS INDOOR/OUTDOOR COOLING PLANT AIR HANDLING UNITS CONTROLS TERMINAL UNITS, ETC. SMALLER INSTALLATIONS LARGER INSTALLATIONS > 1 DAY > 2 DAYS

14. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Inspection Sampling Extent of the Inspection INDIVIDUAL OR MULTI-SPLIT UNITS SERIES OF INDIVIDUAL OR MULTI-SPLIT UNITS 10% SAMPLE of the total number of ‘Outdoor Units’ MINIMUM OF 3 UNITS being sampled +2 UNITS IF OBSERVATIONS INCONCLUSIVE COMPLEX SYSTEMS VAV TERMINALS FAN COIL UNITS ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS ROOM HEAT PUMPS, ETC. SMALLER instalations (if fewer than 10 units are there then all shall be inspected ) For centralised systems a minimum of 10 should be inspected or 30% which ever is the greater 2% sample of Terminal Units should be inspected with a minimum of 5 In addition, an equal equal number of indoor units For very large systems a maximum of 20 units may be applied

15. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Extent of the Inspection Inspection Sampling Definition of Terminal Units :- Terminal Units for centralised systems may include :- VAV terminals Fan Coil systems as terminal units Chilled Beams as terminal units Local heat recovery units as terminal units And Ventilation units as terminal units Water-Loop heat pumps (Versatemp-type systems) are subject to the same sampling rules as terminals An inspector must take a representative sample of the installation on site, having regard to age and size/capacity of the components. While the minimum number of components must always be inspected, an inspector may choose to include a larger sample to improve the quality of the air conditioning inspection report being provided. If different makes of units are present on site then at least one of each make must be inspected.

16. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Consumption and Metering:- Energy LARGER ITEMS OF PLANT EQUIPMENT ENERGY METERS/ HOURS RUN METERS (IF RECENT, WILL COMPLY TO ADL2) CAN HELP ASSESSMENT IF DATA HAS BEEN RECORDED METERS BUT NO RECORDS RECOMMEND REGULAR READING AND RECORDING INSPECTOR TO TAKE METER READING AND LOG TIME/DATE KEPT BY OWNER OR MANAGER FOR NEXT INSPECTION GUIDANCE ON METERING PLANS IS AVAILABLE IN CIBSE TM39 NO METERS INSTALLED ADVISE OWNER/ MANAGER TO REVIEW SCOPE TO MOST ENERGY INTENSIVE IF NOT ALL SUBSEQUENT RECORDING OF METER READINGS REGULAR ANNUAL CONSUMPTION RECORDING DEDUCE EXCESSIVE USE PLANT RATED INPUT POWER MORE FREQUENT CONSUMPTION RECORDING ALLOWS COMPARISON TO SEASONAL EXPECTATIONS IDENTIFICATION OF CONTROL ADEQUACY AND/OR APPROPRIATE USE

17. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Existing Inspection and Maintenance Regimes  Aspects of inspection could be simplified or reduced by evidence of a good practice programme of inspection and maintenance (e.g. filter/ heat exchanger blockage).  Refrigerant leakage should be checked for as may begin at any time and inspection may help identify potential leak. Extent of Inspection

18. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Good Practice Inspection and Maintenance  Preparation of advice for building owner or manager regarding improvement of system performance or maintenance.  Should include recommendation of scheduling frequent inspections and maintenance regimes, where not present.  Some users may not understand the need for regular maintenance:  especially in non-critical applications;  less experience of principles and equipment;  unaware of responsibilities;  may not realise consequences.  May be combined with F-Gas and Pressure Vessels/ Systems Safety Inspections if inspectors are appropriately qualified. Guidance

19. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping  BS EN 15240:2007 outlines the procedure for the inspections.  Further guidance is available in CIBSE TM44 (2012).  Packaged system procedure: Unitary, splits and multi-split systems.  Centralised system procedure: larger centralised systems with plant rooms, water circuits, air handling and more sophisticated controls. Inspection Procedure

20. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Packaged Systems :-  include indoor units containing refrigerant-to-air heat exchangers and an integral circulation fan.  Either integral with outdoor units containing refrigerant compressor, refrigerant to outdoor air heat exchanger and air circulation fan;  or connected to the outdoor units by refrigeration pipework. AC Systems

21. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Packaged Systems Figure 1.1 (Part 1) Summary of system types and their component parts (CIBSE TM44:2012).

22. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Unitary Packaged Units:  Indoor and outdoor components in self-contained ‘unitary’ package.  Installed as ‘through the wall unit’.  May be reversible heat pump.  May have electric resistance heater. Packaged Systems

23. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Individual Split Systems:- Also referred to as ‘split packaged units’. Packaged Systems REFRIGERANT CIRCUIT COOLING INDOOR UNIT OUTDOOR UNIT HEAT REJECTION REFRIGERANT CIRCUIT Ceiling Wall

24. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Multi-Split Systems :- Also referred to as ‘multi-split packaged units’. Packaged Systems REFRIGERANT CIRCUIT HEAT REJECTION MULTIPLE INDOOR UNITS SINGLE or MULTIPLE OUTDOOR UNITS DISTRIBUTION PIPES Ceiling Wall

25. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping REFRIGERANT CIRCUIT Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems :- Allows variable control of different branches. Packaged Systems HEAT REJECTION MULTIPLE INDOOR UNITS REFRIGERANT CIRCUITS (CAN HAVE VARIABLE FLOW) BRANCH CONTROL MANIFOLD SINGLE or MULTIPLE OUTDOOR UNITS Wall Ceiling

26. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Complex/ Integrated Packaged Systems :-  Extensive VRF systems with:-  Multiple indoor units  Multiple outdoor units  Interlinked system controls  May require further skills to assess:-  seek advice from more experienced inspectors, or those which are familiar with this type of centralised systems. Complex Scenario

27. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Refrigeration equipment delivers cooling via air handling unit(s) and/or pumped water circuits, which include:  constant volume (CV) systems;  variable air volume (VAV) systems;  fan coil unit (FCU) or induction systems;  active or passive chilled beam systems.  Will incorporate more complex zoning;  with more sophisticated control strategies as appropriate. Centralised Systems

28. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Centralised Systems Figure 1.1 (Part 2) Summary of system types and their component parts (CIBSE TM44:2012).

29. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Constant Volume (CV) Systems :- Centralised Systems SUPPLY AIREXTRACT AIR FRESH AIR INTAKE EXHAUST AIR AIR HANDLING UNIT AIR COOLED PACKAGED CHILLER CHILLED WATER CIRCUIT HEAT REJECTION OCCUPIED SPACE

30. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems :- Centralised Systems FRESH AIR INTAKE EXHAUST AIR AIR HANDLING UNIT WATER COOLED CHILLER CHILLED WATER CIRCUIT SYSTEM CONTROL MOTORISED CONTROL DAMPERS SUPPLY AIREXTRACT AIR OCCUPIED ZONE 2 SUPPLY AIREXTRACT AIR OCCUPIED ZONE 1 T T

31. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping ZONE 1: VAV Fan Coil Unit (FCU) System within a VAV System:- Centralised Systems FRESH AIR INTAKE EXHAUST AIR AIR HANDLING UNIT CHILLED WATER CIRCUIT BEMS SYSTEM CONTROL MCDs CHILLER CHILLED WATER CIRCUIT FAN COIL UNIT ZONE 3: FCU T ZONE 2: FCU TT

32. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Induction Systems :-  Air recirculation induced by pressure difference. Centralised Systems CHILLED WATER CIRCUIT CHILLER OCCUPIED ZONE T

33. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Active & Passive Chilled Beams :- Centralised Systems PASSIVE CHILLED BEAM ACTIVE CHILLED BEAM OCCUPIED ZONE 1 OCCUPIED ZONE 2 SUPPLY AIR CHILLER Air supplied to chilled beams directly serving zones. Air is conditioned at terminal units. Controls Positioning Design Philosophy CHILLED WATER CIRCUIT

34. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Distributed Heat Pump Systems :- Water loop/reversible heat pump systems  Individual reverisble water-to-air heat pumps linked to common heat injection boiler and heat rejection cooling tower.  Also known as ‘versatemp-type’ system. Centralised Systems BOILER HEAT INJECTION DRY AIR COOLER HEAT REJECTION HEAT EXCHANGER

35. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping  May have multiple systems per zone.  May have multiple systems in the building.  Consider all present systems.  Ascertain functionality.  Observe systems.  Sample from all systems. Combined Systems

36. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Part 4, Regulation 22 of EPB Requires:- a) address of the building in which the system is located; b) the name of the energy assessor; c) the name and address of the energy assessor’s employer, or if self- employed, trade name and address; d) date on which the inspection occurred; and e) the name of the approved accreditation scheme of which the energy assessor is a member. Reporting

37. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Required Details of the System:- physical description of system; type of system; inventory of equipment; location of equipment and areas served. Include comments on:- any results of any measurements or calculations made during inspection. Reporting

38. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Additional Advice:-  Sources of good practice publications are from:-  DCLG  Carbon Trust  DECC  DEFRA  CIBSE TM44 Reference List Reporting

39. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Air Conditioning Executive Summary template 1.Scope of work – as laid down by the regulations/ legislation 2.Buildings description – type, usage and location 3.System description – type, brief inventory of all systems present 4.Sampling quantity with reference to TM44 guidelines 5.Comments on:- –Controls and their function –Operation –Maintenance 6.Any additional information relevant to the building, systems and operation. 7.Decision on whether the system is ‘undersized’ or ‘oversized’ by the following methods:- ‘Rules of Thumb Guidance’ values or by estimation via the ‘CIBSE Guidance values’ Inspection Report

40. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Inspection Report

41. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Inspection Report

42. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping Inspection Report

43. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping “Improving the energy efficiency of our buildings – A guide to air-conditioning inspections for buildings”, Department for Communities and Local Government, July 2008 “Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974”, Office of Public Sector Information “Improving the energy efficiency of our buildings – Energy Certificates and air-conditioning inspections for our buildings”, Department for Communities and Local Government, 2008 “A guide for businesses – Reducing the energy usage and carbon emissions from your air conditioning systems”, Department for Communities and Local Government, 2007 “Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Regulations 2008”, Statutory Instrument 2008 No.41, Office of Public Sector Information “Inspection of Air Conditioning Systems”, CIBSE TM44:2007 Reference Material

44. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping LEVEL 3 Air Conditioning ENERGY ASSESSORS Training ANY QUESTIONS OR FEEDBACK ON ANY SLIDE

45. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping STROMA Certification Ltd. 4 Pioneer Way, Castleford, WF10 5QU 0845 621 11 11 training@stroma.com Web Links www.stroma.com/certification Contacts:- STROMA Certification Ltd – Contacts

46. © Stroma Certification 2014 | Version 1.0 Stroma Certification – ABBE Level 3 Air Conditioning course material 2015 House keeping End of this section