1. Classification & The Six Kingdoms

2. Classification History 1700s Plantae Animalia 1800s Protista Plantae Animalia 1950s Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia 1990s Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

3. Formally the Kingdom Monera now broken into two Kingdoms: Eubacteria Eubacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria E. Coli (http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/49477C30-0513-47BE-88FC-17974CB1F952/0/e_coli.jpg) Yersinia pestis (Bubonic plague) http://uhavax.hartford.edu/bugl/Yersinia-pestis.jpg

4. Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria) Unicellular Unicellular Prokaryotic Prokaryotic Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic Have cell walls Have cell walls Reproduce asexually (binary fission & conjugation) Reproduce asexually (binary fission & conjugation) These bacteria live in the same environment as humans. These bacteria live in the same environment as humans. Some are anaerobic – they don’t need oxygen to live. Some are anaerobic – they don’t need oxygen to live.

5. Archaebacteria (Domain Archaea) means “ancient bacteria” means “ancient bacteria” Unicellular Unicellular Prokaryotic Prokaryotic Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic Have cell walls Have cell walls Reproduce asexually (binary fission & conjugation) Reproduce asexually (binary fission & conjugation) Probably among the first life forms on earth. Probably among the first life forms on earth. Live in EXTREME conditions (high pressure/temperature, deep sea vents). Live in EXTREME conditions (high pressure/temperature, deep sea vents). Most are anaerobic! Most are anaerobic!

6. Protist (Domain Eukarya) Mostly unicellular, some multicellular colonies (algae) Mostly unicellular, some multicellular colonies (algae) Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Can be heterotrophic, autotrophic, or both Can be heterotrophic, autotrophic, or both Some have cell walls made of cellulose Some have cell walls made of cellulose Reproduce sexually and asexually Reproduce sexually and asexually Live in moist environments – no protection from drying out. Live in moist environments – no protection from drying out. Some move by cilia (tiny hairs), flagella (tail), pseudopods (fake feet) Some move by cilia (tiny hairs), flagella (tail), pseudopods (fake feet)

7. Kingdom Protista Examples: Examples: Amoeba http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/robert.fuller/370%20Files/Week9Soil%20Organi sms/amoeba1.jpg Paramecium http://upsidedownhippo.com/archives/Paramecium.jpg Euglena

8. Fungi (Domain Eukarya) Mostly multicellular, some unicellular (yeast) Mostly multicellular, some unicellular (yeast) Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Heterotrophs – dissolve food outside the body Heterotrophs – dissolve food outside the body Cell walls made of chitin Cell walls made of chitin Reproduce sexually and asexually Reproduce sexually and asexually Body made of a mesh of filaments called hyphae. Body made of a mesh of filaments called hyphae.

9. Kingdom Fungi Examples: Examples: Yeast http://www.utoronto.ca/greenblattlab/images/a/yeast%201.jpg Mushroom http://fogcity.blogs.com/jen/mushroom-thumb.jpg Truffle http://www.truffle- tree.co.uk/images/truffle_on_grass.jpg

10. Plant (Domain Eukarya) Multicellular Multicellular Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Autotrophic Autotrophic Reproduce sexually (flowers) and asexually (vegetative propagation) Reproduce sexually (flowers) and asexually (vegetative propagation) Cell walls made of cellulose Cell walls made of cellulose Specialized reproductive structures (fruit, cones) to aid in dispersal of seeds. Specialized reproductive structures (fruit, cones) to aid in dispersal of seeds. http://www.jtrue.com/cartoons/art/low/plant_layoff.jpg

11. Kingdom Plantae Examples: Examples: http://www.tcr.gov.nl.ca/nfmuseum/images/whitespruce7shoecovejune82002.jpg http://www.landscapingyourself.com/images/1plant1.jpg

12. Animal (Domain Eukarya) Multicellular Multicellular Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Heterotrophs – dissolve food inside the body Heterotrophs – dissolve food inside the body Most reproduce sexually Most reproduce sexually No cell wall No cell wall Many specialized structures for movement or food gathering Many specialized structures for movement or food gathering 5 – 10 million species (99% no backbone) 5 – 10 million species (99% no backbone)

13. Kingdom Animalia Example: Example: Daphnia http://www.chasewater.org.uk/images/microscopic/Daphnia%20with%20eggs.jpg http://www.fresnochaffeezoo.com/images/polar-bear.gif http://library.thinkquest.org/11922/fish/flying_fish.jpg