1. BUILDING EVIDENCE AND CAPACITY FOR DISABILITY INCLUSIVE DISASTER RESPONSE AND RECOVERY Sally Baker (Nossal) and Danielle Roubin (Oxfam) ADDC Practitioner Interest Forum 30 th August 2016

2. BACKGROUND

3. CRPD: Article 11 Situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies States Parties shall take, in accordance with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, all necessary measures to ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities in situations of risk, including situations of armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and the occurrence of natural disasters.

4. Sendai Statement 2015 - 30 Disaster risk reduction requires an all-of-society engagement and partnership. It also requires empowerment and inclusive, accessible and non -discriminatory participation, paying special attention to people disproportionately affected by disasters, especially the poorest. A gender, age, disability and cultural perspective in all policies and practices; and the promotion of women and youth leadership; in this context, special attention should be paid to the improvement of organized voluntary work of citizens;

5. Sendai Statement 2015 - 30 Disaster risk reduction requires a multi-hazard approach and inclusive risk-informed decision- making based on the open exchange and dissemination of disaggregated data, including by sex, age and disability.

6. Disability Inclusive Humanitarian Action People with disability are highly vulnerable to disasters due to marginalisation. (Twigg, J. (2014). Attitude before method: disability in vulnerability and capacity assessment) 85.57% of the respondents to a survey of 5,717 people with disability from 137 countries stated that they had not participated in community disaster management and risk reduction processes currently in place in their communities. (UNISDR. (2013). Survey on Living with Disabilities and Disasters - Key Findings) During disaster responses, people with a disability are often invisible and excluded from accessing emergency support and essential services such as food distribution, medical care, shelter and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities. (CBM. (2013). Inclusion Made Easy)

7. CONTEXT

8. Tropical Cyclone Pam 13 March 2015, Category 5 cyclone widespread damage across five provinces of the archipelago – winds around 250 km per hour, and gusts peaking at 320 km per hour. (Ministry of Justice and Community Services and CARE. 4 th May 2015. Gender and Protection Cluster; Tropical Cyclone Pam: Lessons Learned Workshop Report.)

9. TC Pam 188,000 people affected 16 reported fatalities. destroyed buildings and crops, displaced people, and damaged water supplies. Up to 90% of shelters destroyed on some islands. OCHA Flash Appeal: Emergency response plan for Vanuatu tropical cyclone Pam March-June 2015

11. Response to TC Pam Cluster system enacted Gender and Protection Cluster met Rapid Assessment Cluster Assessment

12. Response to TC Pam Rapid assessment did not locate people with disability Disability Working Group convened Cluster assessment sought information about the experiences of people with disabilities through key informant interviews and focus groups

13. Response to TC Pam Findings of cluster assessment: – People with disability not visible within the community – people with disabilities were not able to access water, toilet and bathing facilities and reported unfair allocation of distributions – material assistance is needed including replacement of mobility devices, visual and hearing aids. UNOCHA, Second Phase Harmonized Assessment Report, VANUATU: TROPICAL CYCLONE PAM, April 2015

14. Lessons from the TC Pam Response Men, women, boys and girls with disabilities experience disasters differently Organisations and clusters tend not to automatically consider disability The particular needs and priorities of people with disability can be missed during mainstream assessments

15. Lessons from the TC Pam Response People with disability have the same needs as everyone else – e.g. shelter and food - but are more likely to miss out on having these met. People with disability also have additional needs – e.g. loss of assistive devices. The disability sector is strong but small and can’t do everything –mainstream organisations and government must include people with disability in everything they do.

16. APPROACH

17. Building evidence and capacity project Outcome 1: The situation and needs of people with disability following TC Pam and El Niño is established and shared.

18. Building evidence and capacity project Activities: – Collaborative development of a quantitative survey tool, based on Rapid Assessment of Disability and Washington Group questions, to identify people with disabilities and their situation post Pam and El Nino – Implementation of survey, with leadership by people with disabilities – Participatory data analysis and preparation of thematic reports.

19. Building evidence and capacity project Outcome 2: Government and non-government agencies implement disaster response and recovery activities in a coordinated and disability inclusive way.

20. Building evidence and capacity project Activities: – Appointment of a designated disability role within Government – Provision of training to government and non- government actors regarding disability inclusion following an emergency, including in assessment

21. Disability inclusive recovery and risk reduction Expected outcomes: – Stakeholders across government and civil society understand the importance of, and methods for, disability inclusion in post-disaster assessment and response activities – Key survey / methodology exists, which can be used within future assessment tools – Evidence exists to underpin advocacy efforts

22. Disability inclusive recovery and risk reduction Expected outcomes: – Stakeholders across government and civil society work together collaboratively towards disability inclusion in the humanitarian sector – Contextualised Washington Group questions, and knowledge of how to use these, exists. These can be applied within program M&E efforts and other surveys such as the census.

23. LESSONS LEARNED

24. Reflections on our approach to date In humanitarian responses, numbers matter Quantitative data influences decisions regarding resource allocation No quant data re disability = no change to distribution approaches or priorities

25. Reflections on our approach to date Reliable quantitative disability data collection requires: – Cognitive testing – Good training – Close supervision – Engagement of people with disability as far as possible

26. Reflections on our approach to date Our survey will provide a picture of the situation of people with disability in Tanna following the disaster, and influence future practices The RAD will provide a useful picture of disability prevalence and participation in the absence of existing data, or reliable disability questions in mainstream assessment tools / methodology The WGQ’s can be added to mainstream assessments to provide reliable disability data, but not if surveys occur at the household / KI level – this is an area for further investigation.

27. THANK YOU