1. 1 Bioenvironment Division, Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Yesan, Chungnam 340-861, Korea Abstract To investigate effects of alternating application of graminaceous (Rye) and leguminous (Hairy vetch) green manures into a loam soil and crop rotation for organic red pepper(Capsicum annuum var.) cultivation, five treatments which was cultured during 4 years were compared at the out field: 1) a pepper single cropping + the mixed expeller cake, 2) a pepper culture + the winter cover crop (hairy vetch), 3) a pepper culture + hairy vetch / a soybean culture + rye, 4) a pepper culture + hairy vetch / a soybean culture + rye / a food corn + a young radish, 5) a conventional pepper culture. Here, hairy vetch and rye were cultivated as winter cover crops from late September to middle May. Nitrogen amount fixed by hairy vetch was about 120 kg ha -1 per a cropping season, corresponding to 60% N level needed for red pepper production, and was about 69 kg ha-1 as rye green manure. In these results, the changes of physico-chemical properties in soil cultured by green manures and rotation crops for 4 years, pH of all treatments was more decreased about 5.5 to 6.0 than before test cultural soil at pH 6.9. However, EC levels were gradually increased at all of the treatment. Organic matter (O.M) and available phosphate(P2O5) contents in No. 2, 3 and 4 soils which was farmed as the organic farming cultivation were improved by 25~30 g kg -1 and 350~400 mg kg -1, respectively. The aspect of soil physical parameter, bulk density (BD) of organic fields was more declined as 1.25~1.30 Mg m 3 -1 than BD 1.38 Mg m 3 -1 of the conventional field. At the yields of organic and conventional culture, the amount of organic red pepper was reduced about 5~13% range compared with the conventional yield as 279 kg 10a -1 average during 4 years, but the plant growth was not significantly different among 5 plots. Consequently, these results are demonstrated that application of green manure and rotation cropping system for organic pepper cultivation is used to improve soil fertility and rhizosphere environmentconditions at the out field. Results Materials and methods  Cultivation method - Cultivar : Pepper(Bugang) - Place and Period : Chungnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services (2006~2009) - Transplanting month and distance : May, 100cm * 30cm  Crop rotation treatments - Pepper with chemical fertilizers every year (traditional cultivation) - Pepper with organic fertilizer every year (Control) - Pepper with hairy vetch every year (1 yr rotation) - Pepper + Hairy vetch / Soy bean + Rye rotation (2 yr rotation) - Pepper + Hairy vetch / Soy bean + Rye / Maize + Radish + Hairy vetch (3 yr rotation)  Fertilizers & Green manures - Chemical fertilizer amount – N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 19.0-11.2-14.9 kg 10a -1 - Organic fertilizer and green manures Table 1. Chemical properties in soil before of organic pepper cultivation References  Lee, I. B., S. B. Kang, J. M. Park. 2008. Effect of Soil Incorporation of Graminaceous and Leguminous Manures on Tomato Growth and Soil Nutrient Balances. J. Korean Envi. Agri. Vol.27(4):343-348.  Seo, J. H., H. J. Lee, S. J. Kim and I. B. Hur. 1998. Nitrogen Release from Hairy Vetch Residue in Relation to Different Tillages and Plant Growth Stage. J. Korea. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 31(2):137-142.  Zhang, Y. S., G. J. Lee and J. H. Joo etc. 2007. Effect of Winter Rye Cultivation to Improve Soil Fertility and Crop Prodcution in Alpine Upland in Korea. J. Korean Envi. Agri. Vol.26(4):300-305. Improvement of Physico-chemical Properties by Soil Restoration of Graminaceous and Leguminous Manures to Organic Pepper cultivation Jong-Eun Lee *, Yeo-Uk Yun, Moon-Tae Choi, Suck-Kee Jung, Euy-Seog Yang. Division pH (1:5) EC (dS m -1 ) O.M. (g kg -1 ) Ava. P 2 O 5 (mg kg -1 ) Ex. Cations(cmol + kg -1 ) KCaMg Before cultivation 6.90.34182530.797.92.0 Optimal range 6.0~6.5 ≤220~30400~5000.7~0.85.0~6.01.5~2.0 Conclusions  pH of all treatments was more decreased about 5.5 to 6.0 than the first 2006 year at 6.9.  Soil EC level was increased at all treatments through chemical fertilizers and green manures during 4 years cultivation. Especially, these tendencies were most considerable at the traditional cultivating treatment.  Organic matter (O.M.) in soil was more increased at the green manure restoration treatments. The green manures as Rye and Hairy vetch was effective on the promotion of soil organic matter.  Avail. P 2 O 5 and Ex. cations (K, Mg) exclusive of Ex. Ca were slightly increased at all treatments. The tendency of Ex. Ca decreased was due to high concentration (7.9 cmol + kg -1 ) in soil before the pepper cultivation.  At the results of soil physical properties, the bulk density (BD), porosity and hardness were considerably improved because of Rye and Hairy vetch restoration and crop rotation system. Also, these green manure have had an improving effect on soil aggregation. Traditional Cultivation soil Control 1 yr rotation Cultivation soil 2 yr rotation Cultivation soil 3 yr rotation Cultivation soil  Soil analysis - pH & EC (Orion 3 star pH/EC meter), Organic matter (Tyurin method), Avai. P 2 O 5 (Lancaster method), Ex. Cations (1N Ammoniumacetate) by Varian 730-ES/ICP-OES, Bulk density (Core), Porosity Division T-NT-PT-KWater content Fresh weight (kg 10a -1 ) % Organic fertilizer Rye Hairy vetch 3.92.12.8 8.7- 0.80.20.868.22,700 3.20.51.485.42,500 Traditional cultivation Chemical fertlizer 3yr rotation cultivation 2yr rotation cultivation 1yr rotation cultivation Control cultivation Organic fertlizer Fig. 1. Diagram of crop rotation for organic pepper cultivation for 4 years. Fig. 2. Changes of pH and EC in organic pepper cultivation soil for 4 years. Fig. 3. Changes of O.M. and Avail. P 2 O 5 in organic pepper cultivation soil for 4 years. Fig. 4. Changes of Ex. K and Ca in organic pepper cultivation soil for 4 years. Fig. 5. Changes of Ex. Mg and B.D. in organic pepper cultivation soil for 4 years. Fig. 6. Comparison of soil aggregation degree each of the treatment after the final cultivation.