1. Bell Ringer What substances are need for photosynthesis and what are produced during photosynthesis? You have 5 minutes to get a piece of paper and write down the answer.

2. Chapter 2 Ecosystems and Biomes Section 2 Cycles of Matter Notes 2-2

3. Recycling Matter  Matter is recycled in ecosystems Like cans are recycled Ex: water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen  Energy is not recycled in ecosystems Sunlight or gasoline must be constantly supplied Enters at the producers and moves through the consumers until it is gone

4. Water Cycle  Water is necessary for all life as we know it What scientists are looking for on other planets to find other life  Water Cycle: continuous process by which water moves form Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back

5. Water Cycle  Evaporation: Process in which molecules of liquid water absorb energy and change into the gas state Liquid water to water vapor Plants lose water from their leaves = transpiration Animals lose water when they exhale

6. Water Cycle  Condensation: Process by which a gas changes into a liquid When water cools, the vapor changes into a liquid Water droplets can form around a small piece of dust and form a cloud or rain drop

7. Water Cycle  Precipitation: When water falls back to the earth  Form of rain, snow, sleet or hail Precipitation becomes groundwater when it reaches the soil or it can become part of a river or ocean

9. Carbon and Oxygen Cycle  Carbon is the building block of that matter that makes up all living things  Found in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide  Producers take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis

10. Carbon and Oxygen Cycle  Producers use carbon (from CO 2 ) to make carbon-containing molecules Like sugars and starches  Consumers use sugars and starches for energy Give off water and carbon dioxide as waste  Producers give off oxygen as waste  Consumers use oxygen in their life processes

12. Nitrogen Cycle  Atmosphere is 78% Nitrogen (N 2 )  However, most organisms can’t use nitrogen from the air Nitrogen gas is called “free” nitrogen Must be “fixed” or combined with other atoms to be used by most organisms

13. Nitrogen Cycle  Nitrogen Fixation: Process of changing free nitrogen gas into the usable form of nitrogen Most is done by nitrogen-fixing bacteria These bacteria are found in nodules on the roots of plants  Plants like: clover, beans, peas, alfalfa and peanuts

14. Nitrogen Cycle  Farmers use legumes (alfalfa) to build up the nitrogen compounds in the soil After planting other crops for a couple of years, farmers plant legumes to re- enrich the soil  Called crop rotation

15. Nitrogen Cycle  Nitrogen is used by organisms to build proteins and other substances  Decomposers break down these substances of dead matter They return it to the soil  Bacteria can also release free nitrogen back into the atmosphere

17. HOMEWORK Section Review Page 55 #1-5