1. Temperature and vertical stratification Metabolism: Q10 Preference & tolerance Poikilothermic or ectothermic vs. homeothermic or endothermic Thermocline (50-300m) Picnocline Surface water temperature: SST

3. T-S diagram: Sigma-t (  t ) = (density – 1) x 1000

5. Wave Wind wave height: wind speed, distance wind blows, duration wind blows Wavelength

8. Current Predominant wind Ekman spiral: Corioris effect

13. Upwelling Coastal upwelling Equatorial upwelling

16. Circulation of seawater Antarctic convergence: cooling of saline water from equator >>> intermediate water masses Antarctic circumpolar: freezing causes cold and saline water sink >>>Antarctic bottom

17. Atlantic

18. Pacific

19. Indian ocean

20. Ocean conveyor belt Thermohaline circulation Slowing or shut-down: cooling of Europe

22. Internal wave Flow over tough topography Propagate along the picnocline Weak surface slick Mix deep water in thermocline Luzon channel