1. Pharmaceutical Science

2. 1-Dosage Forms3-Legal Schedules2-Brand And Generics

4. -Medications consist of very small quantity of “Active ingredient” and big quantity of inactive ingredients. -Dosage forms are active ingredient in certain shapes in order to improve stability, taste, absorption and availability.

5. Oral Solid Oral liquid ParentallyTopical Miscellaneous

7. Tablets are solid dosage forms that varied in shape,color and size. Mostly tablets are swallowed completely with water or divided into parts.

8. 1-Regular(Immediate action) 2-Chewable. 3-Effervesnt 4-Enteric coated. 5-Controlled release. 6-Lozgnes.

9. LA: Long acting SA: sustained Action SR: Sustained release TR: Time release

10.  They consist of 2 parts the shell and the medication.  It could carry either powders or liquid form of medication.  The shell is made from gelatin or Methyl cellulose.  Could be One piece or 2 pieces.the body and the cap.

11. -It is much preferred than Tablets. -It is used to deliver medications which is: 1-Couldn’t be compressed into tablets. 2-Bad taste. 3-Unstable.

12. -Includes any liquid medication taken by mouth. -Most of these medications are dissolved in water but in some times made in Alcohol medium. -Like tablets they contain also inactive ingredients like sugar and color.

13. 1-Solutions. 2-Suspensions(shake) 3-Emulsion(shake) 4-Elixirs 5-Syrups 6-Reconstituting powder. (shake)

15. -These are Liquids and semisolids used for skin treatment. -They include medications for Eye, ear, skin plus vaginal and rectal areas (applicators) -Toxic if swallowed and therefore we always write the warning For External uses only (For External uses only).

16. 1-Creams. 2-Ointements. 3-Lotions. 4-Gels 5-Suppositories. 6-Eye and Ear Drops 7-Transdaermal (fentanyl)Patches

17. *Creams and ointments could be available in tubes or big jars *Some are need to be compounded like Diclo 10%

19. -These are the fastest dosage forms and most critical one. -Should be given only by a certified medical professionals (Doc- Nurse-pharmacists). -This group includes vitamins, vaccines, insulin, life savers medications and in patient medications. -It needs certain syringes according to the type and the volume. -It can be taken Iv, IM, Sc, infusion or IC etc... -Could be made in Ampoules, bags or vials(one or multi use) -Some are available in ready to inject pen form like Epipen Lantus solostar or Lovenox

23. Inhalers and sprays: These are another dosage forms to deliver medications by spraying. Ex: Nasal spray-Topical sprays-Inhalers

26. Prescription Containers and Labels

27. -Containers used to dispense medications to patients. -Vials, Bottles,ointment jars and blister packs are the most common containers for medication dispensing. -It should protect the medication from light and atmosphere.

28. -These are cylinder shape containers for packaging capsules and tablets. -Mostly they are amber (Dark) in color to protect medication from light effects. -Various sizes are available staring from 8 till 32.

29. -They are designed for liquid dosage forms. -They also made from amber or dark color to protect the medication from light. -Different sizes are available from 2 oz till 16 oz -They are marked with roman letters to show the volume from one side and the other side have marks with millimeters and Oz.

30. They are used to fill semi-solid dosage forms. There are in different sizes. Remember: Use the most efficient size when you fill a rx.

31. -There are 2 types of bottles and vials caps: Easy opened and Child resistant. -All Rx medication are dispenses in child resistant caps except if patients asked for the easy opened type. -Some medications are never dispensed in child resistant caps like: 1-Medication with their original package. 2-Emergeny medication. 3-Birth control.

32. Federal Legislation and Drug Scheduling

33.  Scheduled 1  Scheduled 2  Scheduled 3  Unscheduled drugs

34. Drugs in this scheduled :  Require Rx for dispensing  Must be stored and sold in the dispensary of the pharmacy where can’t access by the public Ex: Antibiotics like Amoxicillin

35. Drugs in this schedule:  Don’t require Rx to be dispensed  Must be sold by a licensed pharmacy by a pharmacist or under the direction of a pharmacist.  Must be stored and sold in the dispensary of the pharmacy where can’t access by the public.  Ex:Insulin-Syringes

36. Drugs in this schedule:  Don’t require Rx to be sold to customers  Must by sold by a pharmacy only.  Must be stored in the patient service area  Ex: Visine- Benadryl

37.  Can be sold in any retail outlet and doesn’t need a professional supervision.  Ex:Tylenol

38. Brands and Generics

39. Medications names are 2 types: 1-Brand Names: - Is the given name of certain product at the beginning of introducing it in the market as a new medication. -The patent period is the period in which the mother company of the medication has the right to be the sole supplier of this product(20 Years) -At the end of this period, it is allowed to all the other companies to produce the same medication under the Generic name Ex: Tylenol-Motrin-Polysporin

40. - Is the name of the active ingredient of the medication. -Any manufacture could offer it after the end of the patent period. -The quality of these products is equal to the quality of the name brands as they are applying the FDA rules. -These medication are always less in price than the brand names because they don’t cost the customer the R & D costs. -Most of the insurance companies refuse the uses of the brand names medication in the presence of the Generics for the same medication. Ex: Acetaminophen- Ibuprofen- Cough drops.

41. -Doctors always write generics in their Rx for old medications. -They may write the brand name in the Rx but you still can dispense the generic. But When Doc write DAW in Rx: DAW=Dispense as written -In this case you have to dispense the Brand name.

42. Drug Labels

43. -Medications are offered in a commercial packages to the pharmacy. -Health Canada requires all Drug’s Labels to have certain information. -

45. 1-Brand name 2-Generic name 3-Medication strength. 4-The Legend statement. 5-Storge requirements. 6-Dosage Form. 7-Quantity 8-C mark 9-Manfacture name 10-Lot Number 11-Expiration date. 12-NDC number (National Drug Code)

46. DIN 00000000 A Drug Identification Number (DIN) is a computer-generated eight digit number assigned by Health Canada to a drug product prior to being marketed in Canada. A DIN uniquely identifies the following product characteristics: manufacturer; product name; active ingredient(s); strength(s) of active ingredient(s); pharmaceutical form; route of administration.

47. DIN is assigned to all authorized prescription and over-the-counter drugs.

48.  NPN 00000000  It is 8 digit unique number for every approved natural product used in Canada.  Could be sold in pharmacy, groceries, outlets and natural products retails.